Interest in the domain of Entrepreneurship is growing considerably. Nevertheless, the plan of this book is to discover the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in Burundi. The cutting-edge hostile environment for business development and entrepreneurship of underdeveloped countries is a subject of research in academic settings. In the case of Burundi, entrepreneurship is developed under difficult conditions, rarely seen elsewhere. These extreme conditions for entrepreneurship are present as the result of transitional particularities and the marginalised context deriving from political circumstances surrounding Burundi. Apart from the barriers and particularities of a business environment derived mainly from a transitional phase, the political situation has heavily influenced entrepreneurial developments in the country. However the important role of small firms for economic development is widely recognised. This role is highlighted in underdeveloped countries where it is expected that these firms become a main engine of transformation, job creation and income generation. In most of these countries however small firms have failed to take on this role. The book is just about the above.