The book focuses on factors and consequences of the changes of population composition of the Rajshahi City of Bangladesh. Population composition refers to those characteristics of population which are measurable and which help us distinguish one group of people from the other. Change in population composition of urban area affects the urban population size, household number, education, occupation, income, expenditure, land use, infrastructure and urban facilities. Sometimes a large number of populations increase in urban area due to immense rate of rural-urban migration creates burden to the limited national resources making almost impossible to improve the living standard of the urban dwellers. So it is essential to build a comprehensive Policy to deal with this complex national problem.