The book gives its audience an overview of child pneumonia and the state of antibiotic use in the Western Pacific region. The reader will come to appreciate that pneumonia is a major cause of death in the Western Pacific region. The pathogen profile of pneumonia is changing with the increasing uptake of conjugated vaccines. Primary prevention strategies for pneumonia require enhancement. Moreover, the rise of drug resistant infections is fostered by ongoing inappropriate antimicrobial use. For management of pneumonia in the Western Pacific region, there is an urgent need to better describe and understand clinical practice as well as etiology, improving the rational use of antibiotics, limiting unnecessary hospitalizations and enhance primary prevention.