This monograph is the result of a Research Project funded by University Grants Commission of India, focusing on the problem of Child Labour in India, an outcome of a complex socio-economic process. Apart from the children openly working, the study has explored, probably for the first time in a pan-Indian context, the issue of the Reserve Army of Child Labour'. Naturally, the research examines schooling status of children also. Factors determining working or schooling status of children have been identified leading to several policy suggestions. Experiences from Field Surveys have been used to examine the efficacy of existing programs and schemes and to suggest modifications to make policies more effective. A valued resource for academicians and development practitioners.