Whether to answer the questions of why and how "the only durable kingdom in the world" highlighted by Hegel (1823) or to explore the background of the rise of ancient Chinese myths, we must look at China's prehistory, for it was in that time the durable feather of Chinese culture arose, and the roots of Chinese arithmetic, calendar, pottery, agriculture, jade, hieroglyphics, and so on grew. To trace back to the oldest roots of Chinese culture, the research on Human-Artifact Coevolution was conducted by integrating the archaeological data from 430 pre-Qin sites and abroad sites at the same time. It was found that spherical artifacts are the only durable traceable artifacts with million-year-continuous evolutionary pedigree among all artifacts so that they can be used as a tracer to track human evolution. The result of the research on human cognition-spherical artifact coevolution is written into this book as China's first prehistory. It gives massive and systematic evidences to readers with different interests, also proposed and verified the new theories for Human Cognition-Artifacts Coevolution and Origin of Science. This book is readable for both the public and professionals.