Citicoline is a safe form of the essential nutrient choline that is commonly grouped with B vitamins. An accumulating research evidence suggests that citicoline is endowed with interesting pharmacological properties that can make it useful in the treatment of various disorders that has no universally accepted effective treatments including neurological conditions such as Parkinson disease, brain ischemia, Alzheimer's disease; and ocular conditions such as glaucoma, non-arteritic ischemic neuropathy and amblyopia. In addition, citicoline has been recently used with benefit in the treatment of childhood neuro-psychiatric disorders including mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorders, brain atrophy, kernicterus, and cerebral palsy. The aim of this book is to review the research evidence which promise the emergence of a useful therapeutic agent for several disorders.