Malocclusion in human population and attempts to treat these conditions have been evident since early civilization. Orthodontic problems before this time had been viewed with less importance in the face of such widespread need for restorative treatment to manage the ravages of dental and periodontal disease. After the vast improvements in dental restorative techniques during the nineteenth century, it no longer seemed frivolous to consider the functional and cosmetic positions of the teeth that were being salvaged.