The primary purpose of this textbook is to introduce students to the principles of classical dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, and continuous systems while showing their relevance to subjects of contemporary interest. Two of these subjects are quantum mechanics and general relativity. The book shows in many examples the relations between quantum and classical mechanics and uses classical methods to derive most of the observational tests of general relativity. A third area of current interest is in nonlinear systems, and there are discussions of instability and of the geometrical methods…mehr
The primary purpose of this textbook is to introduce students to the principles of classical dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, and continuous systems while showing their relevance to subjects of contemporary interest. Two of these subjects are quantum mechanics and general relativity. The book shows in many examples the relations between quantum and classical mechanics and uses classical methods to derive most of the observational tests of general relativity. A third area of current interest is in nonlinear systems, and there are discussions of instability and of the geometrical methods used to study chaotic behaviour. In the belief that it is most important at this stage of a student's education to develop clear conceptual understanding, the mathematics is for the most part kept rather simple and traditional. In the belief that a good education in physics involves learning the history of the subject, this book devotes some space to important transitions in dynamics: The development of analytical methods in the 18th century and the invention of quantum mechanics. Dieses Buch macht die gemeinsamen Aspekte von klassischen und quanten- mechanischen Systemen an Beispielen wie der Dynamik von Teilchen, starren Körpern und kontinuierlichen Systemen deutlich. Außer traditionellen Themenkreisen behandelt es auch hochaktuelle Themen wie chaotische nichtlineare Dynamik und den Unterschied zwischen klassischen und quantenmechanischen Theorien kontinuierlicher Felder.
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Inhaltsangabe
1. Rays of Light.- 1.1 Waves, Rays, and Orbits.- 1.2 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity.- 1.3 Dynamics of a Wave Packet.- 1.4 Fermat's Principle of Least Time.- 1.5 Interlude on the Calculus of Variations.- 1.6 Optics in a Gravitational Field.- 2. Orbits of Particles.- 2.1 Ehrenfest's Theorems.- 2.2 Oscillators and Pendulums.- 2.3 Interlude on Elliptic Functions.- 2.4 Driven Oscillators.- 2.5 A Driven Anharmonic Oscillator.- 2.6 Quantized Oscillators.- 2.7 Coherent States.- 3. Lagrangian Dynamics.- 3.1 Lagrange's Equations.- 3.2 The Double Pendulum.- 3.3 Planets and Atoms.- 3.4 Orbital Oscillations and Stability.- 3.5 Orbital Motion: Vectorial Integrals and Hyperbolic Orbits.- 3.6 Other Forces.- 3.7 Bohr Orbits and Quantum Mechanics: Degeneracy.- 3.8 The Principle of Maupertuis and Its Practical Utility.- 4. N-Particle Systems.- 4.1 Center-of-Mass Theorems.- 4.2 Two-Particle Systems.- 4.3 Vibrating Systems.- 4.4 Coupled Oscillators.- 4.5 The Virial Theorem.- 4.6 Hydrodynamics.- 5. Hamiltonian Dynamics.- 5.1 The Canonical Equations.- 5.2 Magnetic Forces.- 5.3 Canonical Transformations.- 5.4 Infinitesimal Transformations.- 5.5 Generating Finite Transformations from Infinitesimal Ones.- 5.6 Deduction of New Integrals.- 5.7 Commutators and Poisson Brackets.- 5.8 Gauge Invariance.- 6. The Hamilton-Jacobi Theory.- 6.1 The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation.- 6.2 Step-by-Step Integration of the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation.- 6.3 Interlude on Planetary Motion in General Relativity.- 6.4 Jacobi's Generalization.- 6.5 Orbits and Integrals.- 6.6 "Chaos".- 6.7 Coordinate Systems.- 6.8 Curvilinear Coordinates.- 6.9 Interlude on Classical Optics.- 7. Action and Phase.- 7.1 The Old Quantum Theory.- 7.2 Hydrogen Atom in the Old Quantum Theory.- 7.3 The Adiabatic Theorem.- 7.4 Connectionswith Quantum Mechanics.- 7.5 Heisenberg's Quantum Mechanics.- 7.6 Matter Waves.- 7.7 Schrödinger's "Derivation".- 7.8 Construction of a Wave Function.- 7.9 Phase Shifts in Dynamics.- 8. Theory of Perturbations.- 8.1 Secular and Periodic Perturbations.- 8.2 Perturbations in Quantum Mechanics.- 8.3 Adiabatic Perturbations.- 8.4 Degenerate States.- 8.5 Quantum Perturbation Theory for Positive-Energy States.- 8.6 Action and Angle Variables.- 8.7 Canonical Perturbation Theory.- 8.8 Newtonian Precession.- 9. The Motion of a Rigid Body.- 9.1 Angular Velocity and Momentum.- 9.2 The Inertia Tensor.- 9.3 Dynamics in a Rotating Coordinate System.- 9.4 Euler's Equations.- 9.5 The Precession of the Equinoxes.- 9.6 Quantum Mechanics of a Rigid Body.- 9.7 Spinors.- 9.8 Particles with Spin.- 10. Continuous Systems.- 10.1 Stretched Strings.- 10.2 Four Modes of Description.- 10.3 Example: A Plucked String.- 10.4 Practical Use of Variation Principles.- 10.5 More Than One Dimension.- 10.6 Waves in Space.- 10.7 The Matter Field.- 10.8 Quantized Fields.- 10.9 The Mössbauer Effect.- 10.10 Classical and Quantum Descriptions of Nature.- References.- Notation.
1. Rays of Light.- 1.1 Waves, Rays, and Orbits.- 1.2 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity.- 1.3 Dynamics of a Wave Packet.- 1.4 Fermat's Principle of Least Time.- 1.5 Interlude on the Calculus of Variations.- 1.6 Optics in a Gravitational Field.- 2. Orbits of Particles.- 2.1 Ehrenfest's Theorems.- 2.2 Oscillators and Pendulums.- 2.3 Interlude on Elliptic Functions.- 2.4 Driven Oscillators.- 2.5 A Driven Anharmonic Oscillator.- 2.6 Quantized Oscillators.- 2.7 Coherent States.- 3. Lagrangian Dynamics.- 3.1 Lagrange's Equations.- 3.2 The Double Pendulum.- 3.3 Planets and Atoms.- 3.4 Orbital Oscillations and Stability.- 3.5 Orbital Motion: Vectorial Integrals and Hyperbolic Orbits.- 3.6 Other Forces.- 3.7 Bohr Orbits and Quantum Mechanics: Degeneracy.- 3.8 The Principle of Maupertuis and Its Practical Utility.- 4. N-Particle Systems.- 4.1 Center-of-Mass Theorems.- 4.2 Two-Particle Systems.- 4.3 Vibrating Systems.- 4.4 Coupled Oscillators.- 4.5 The Virial Theorem.- 4.6 Hydrodynamics.- 5. Hamiltonian Dynamics.- 5.1 The Canonical Equations.- 5.2 Magnetic Forces.- 5.3 Canonical Transformations.- 5.4 Infinitesimal Transformations.- 5.5 Generating Finite Transformations from Infinitesimal Ones.- 5.6 Deduction of New Integrals.- 5.7 Commutators and Poisson Brackets.- 5.8 Gauge Invariance.- 6. The Hamilton-Jacobi Theory.- 6.1 The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation.- 6.2 Step-by-Step Integration of the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation.- 6.3 Interlude on Planetary Motion in General Relativity.- 6.4 Jacobi's Generalization.- 6.5 Orbits and Integrals.- 6.6 "Chaos".- 6.7 Coordinate Systems.- 6.8 Curvilinear Coordinates.- 6.9 Interlude on Classical Optics.- 7. Action and Phase.- 7.1 The Old Quantum Theory.- 7.2 Hydrogen Atom in the Old Quantum Theory.- 7.3 The Adiabatic Theorem.- 7.4 Connectionswith Quantum Mechanics.- 7.5 Heisenberg's Quantum Mechanics.- 7.6 Matter Waves.- 7.7 Schrödinger's "Derivation".- 7.8 Construction of a Wave Function.- 7.9 Phase Shifts in Dynamics.- 8. Theory of Perturbations.- 8.1 Secular and Periodic Perturbations.- 8.2 Perturbations in Quantum Mechanics.- 8.3 Adiabatic Perturbations.- 8.4 Degenerate States.- 8.5 Quantum Perturbation Theory for Positive-Energy States.- 8.6 Action and Angle Variables.- 8.7 Canonical Perturbation Theory.- 8.8 Newtonian Precession.- 9. The Motion of a Rigid Body.- 9.1 Angular Velocity and Momentum.- 9.2 The Inertia Tensor.- 9.3 Dynamics in a Rotating Coordinate System.- 9.4 Euler's Equations.- 9.5 The Precession of the Equinoxes.- 9.6 Quantum Mechanics of a Rigid Body.- 9.7 Spinors.- 9.8 Particles with Spin.- 10. Continuous Systems.- 10.1 Stretched Strings.- 10.2 Four Modes of Description.- 10.3 Example: A Plucked String.- 10.4 Practical Use of Variation Principles.- 10.5 More Than One Dimension.- 10.6 Waves in Space.- 10.7 The Matter Field.- 10.8 Quantized Fields.- 10.9 The Mössbauer Effect.- 10.10 Classical and Quantum Descriptions of Nature.- References.- Notation.
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