The Australian oil and gas industry is highly important to the Australian economy. In this book author investigates the effects of weather, climate change, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the market value of the Australian oil and gas industry, arising from an interdependent relationship between climate change and the hydrocarbon-producing oil and gas industry. The analysis is undertaken in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol GHG mitigation policies. The investigations are undertaken at both the industry (oil and gas) and firm (refining) levels using the most important asset pricing models and the application of advanced time series regression techniques. The findings confirm that investors consider weather, climate change and carbon dioxide information in their investment decisions. This book contributes to the emerging field of environmental finance.