The catatonic syndrome is common, but is often not recognized and treated. This monograph focuses on the common signs and symptoms of catatonia, a systematic assessment of these features, the many forms and causes of the catatonic syndrome and a step-by-step procedure to ascertain the presence of the syndrome and determine its underlying causes. It includes descriptions of the syndrome in mood disorders, schizophrenia and medical conditions. It is hoped that proper awareness about these aspects of the catatonic syndrome will lead to its early recognition and adequate treatment of patients suffering from this serious and distressing condition.