Nowadays immunology is a medical science, which in one way or another touches upon any sphere of medicine, be it the use of immunological research methods, determination of diagnostic criteria, application of means of influence on immune system in complex treatment or prevention of various diseases. This necessitates knowledge not only of the theoretical foundations of immunology, but also of its application in clinical practice by physicians of all specialties. Immunology as a science has shown steady growth in recent years and continues to break new ground with fruitful discoveries in areas such as cytokine biology, vaccine development, transplantation, etc. The rapid growth of both basic and applied immunology requires specialized training to meet the growing demand to address key health problems.