Co-processing of biofeeds into a standard refinery unit represents a promising pathway for the future to produce renewable transportation fuels and chemicals. The access to biofeeds from ligno-cellulosic biomass resources, particularly bio-oil obtained from biomass fast pyrolysis, has been considered as an attractive option; however, finding a novel and suitable catalyst for bio-oil upgrading and an effective process of upgraded bio-oil in a conventional refinery is required. This book aims to address novel bimetallic catalysts with alloys formation, effective processes and related chemistry issues to demonstrate a potential pathway for conversion of biomass into sustainable liquid fuels.