The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated.
The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated.
Preface and Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - Cocoa Pioneer Fronts: the Historical Determinants; W.G.Clarence-Smith & F.Ruf - The Eastern Venezuela Pioneer Front, 1830s-1930s: the Role of the Corsican Trade Network; N.Harwich Vallenilla - The Trinidad Cocoa Industry and the Struggle for Crown Land during the Nineteenth Century; K.Phillips Lewis - Ecuadorian Cocoa Production and Trade, 1840-1925; J.Maiguashca - A Cocoa Pioneer Front, 1890-1914: Planters, Merchants and Government Policy in bahia; R.Greenhill - Equatorial Guinea: the Struggle for a Cocoa Economy, 1880-1930; I.Sundiata - The Emergence of Duala Cocoa Planters under German Rule in Cameroon: a Case Study of Entrepreneurship; Y.Monga - Cocoa Farming in Cameroon, c.1914-c.1960: Land and Labour; A.Eckert - Mode of Production or Mode of Cultivation: Explaining the Failure of European Cocoa Planters in Competition with African Farmers in Colonial Ghana; G.Austin - Cote d'Ivoire's Pioneer Fronts: Historical and Political Determinants of the Spread of Cocoa Cultivation; J-P.Chauveau & E.Leonard - The Cocoa Frontier in Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, and Reunion, 1820s-1960s; G.Campbell - Smallholder Cocoa in Indonesia: Why a Cocoa Boom in Sulawesi? ; F.Ruf, P.Ehrt , & Yoddang - Notes on Contributors - Index
Preface and Acknowledgements - Notes on the Contributors - Cocoa Pioneer Fronts: the Historical Determinants; W.G.Clarence-Smith & F.Ruf - The Eastern Venezuela Pioneer Front, 1830s-1930s: the Role of the Corsican Trade Network; N.Harwich Vallenilla - The Trinidad Cocoa Industry and the Struggle for Crown Land during the Nineteenth Century; K.Phillips Lewis - Ecuadorian Cocoa Production and Trade, 1840-1925; J.Maiguashca - A Cocoa Pioneer Front, 1890-1914: Planters, Merchants and Government Policy in bahia; R.Greenhill - Equatorial Guinea: the Struggle for a Cocoa Economy, 1880-1930; I.Sundiata - The Emergence of Duala Cocoa Planters under German Rule in Cameroon: a Case Study of Entrepreneurship; Y.Monga - Cocoa Farming in Cameroon, c.1914-c.1960: Land and Labour; A.Eckert - Mode of Production or Mode of Cultivation: Explaining the Failure of European Cocoa Planters in Competition with African Farmers in Colonial Ghana; G.Austin - Cote d'Ivoire's Pioneer Fronts: Historical and Political Determinants of the Spread of Cocoa Cultivation; J-P.Chauveau & E.Leonard - The Cocoa Frontier in Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, and Reunion, 1820s-1960s; G.Campbell - Smallholder Cocoa in Indonesia: Why a Cocoa Boom in Sulawesi? ; F.Ruf, P.Ehrt , & Yoddang - Notes on Contributors - Index
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