L.A. Utracki

Commercial Polymer Blends

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

3 In 1992 the annual world production of plastics reached 102 x 1()6m at a value of 3 over US$300 billion, while that of steel was 50 x1()6m ata value ofUS$l25 billion (Table 1. 1). Furthermore, from 1980 to 1990, plastics production increased by 62%, while thatofsteeldecreasedby 21%. Considering theunevenpolymerconsumption around theworld,polymerproductionwillhave toincreasebya factor often before currently recorded levels ofplastics sales in developed countries willbe universally reached. Polymers are the fastest growing structural materials. In addition, the polymer blend segment of the plastics industry increases at a rate about three times higher than thewhole. The aim of thisbook is to trace the historicalevolution of the polymer blends industry. Table 1. 1 World production of steel and plastics for 1992 Production Steel Plastics 410 102· Production volume (Mt/year) 3 Production volume (M(m )/year) 51 102 Production value (billion US$/year) 125 310 Growth from 1980to 1990 (%) -21 -1;62 ,. 121 Mt/year in 1996 A polymer (from the Greek poly = manyand meros = units) is a substancecomposed ofmacromoleculesbuiltby covalentlyjoiningatleast50 molecular segments, called mel'S. The word polymer was introduced in 1832 by Jons Jacob Berzelius for sub stances thatmayhaveidenticalchemicalcompositionbutdifferinmolecularweight (e. g. , acetylene, benzene and styrene, having the formula CnH with n == 2,6and 8, n respectively). During the years 1859-1863, Louren~o reported that condensation of ethylene glycol with ethylene dibromide resulted in a mixture of ethers, whose members, separated by distillation, were identified as HD-(C2l4D-)n-H with n == 2 to 6 (Stahl, 1981).

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer / Springer US / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-0-412-81020-6
• 1998.
• Seitenzahl: 658
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. Januar 1998
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 234mm x 156mm x 37mm
• Gewicht: 2480g
• ISBN-13: 9780412810206
• ISBN-10: 0412810204
• Artikelnr.: 23339884

Inhaltsangabe

one Polymer Science and Technology.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Polymer industry.- 3 Development of polymer processing.- 4 Development of polymer science.- 5 Nomenclature of polymeric systems.- Two Technical and Economic Rationality for Polymer Blending.- 6 Reasons for, benefits and problems of blending.- 7 Morphology.- 8 Rheology.- 9 Development of polymer blends.- Three Commodity Resin Blends.- 10 Styrenics: polystyrene and styrene copolymers.- 11 Polyvinylchloride.- 12 Polyvinylidene halide blends.- 13 Poly(methyl)methacrylate, PMA and PMMA, Blends.- 14 Polyethylene blends.- 15 Polypropylene.- Four Engineering Resin Blends.- 16 Polyamide blends.- 17 Polyester blends.- 18 Polycarbonate blends.- 19 Polyoxymethylene (acetal resins).- 20 Polyphenyleneether.- 21 Specialty resin blends.- 22 Recycling and biodegradable blends.- References.- APPENDICES.- Appendix I List of international abbreviations for polymers.- Appendix II List of the commercial blends.- Appendix III The major types of polymer blends.- Appendix IV Polymer blends discoveries and developments.