In Vietnam, the health sector faces some challenges. These challenges include restricted access by the population to healthcare services and health insurance, lack of medical facilities, low-skilled and insufficient medical resources, and corruption in the health sector. Although the Vietnamese government has tried to find and deploy suitable solutions, these problems continue to bedevil the Vietnamese healthcare sector. These challenges are the subject of investigation for this study. The book investigates the legal systems in Belgium, France, England, and Vietnam in relation to healthcare systems, medical malpractice (MM) laws, compensation systems, liability insurance, and patients' rights. MM laws keep a core position in the search and are complemented by the other contents.