Teacher education programs in general and deaf education differ significantly in their focus and methodologies. General education programs typically cover a broad spectrum of subjects and teaching techniques applicable to diverse student populations. In contrast, deaf education programs place a special emphasis on teaching strategies tailored to deaf and hard-of-hearing students, including sign language proficiency, auditory-verbal techniques, and understanding of deaf culture.Challenges in both programs include adapting to evolving educational standards and integrating technology effectively. Reforms aim to address these challenges by incorporating updated teaching methods, enhancing practical experience through classroom internships, and promoting ongoing professional development. However, the specific reforms needed often vary between general and deaf education due to their distinct instructional needs and student populations.Ultimately, both types of programs strive to produce highly qualified educators capable of meeting the unique learning needs of their respective student groups, contributing to inclusive and effective educational environments across the spectrum of American schooling.