Democracy and the republic, considered as models of political organization, are two political systems that were experimented respectively in Athens and Rome during classical antiquity. In both regimes, the people comprising a minority of people at the expense of the majority of the population (composed of women, slaves and foreigners) exercised a certain sovereignty through political bodies such as the People's Assembly, which elected most of the rulers and voted on laws and war. This comparative study highlighted the similarities and dissimilarities between Athenian democracy and the Roman republic.