It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in 1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions were made in 1975. The completion of the early volumes has been delayed by various factors. There has been no attempt to make each article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electrochemistry or Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a mature statement…mehr
It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in 1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions were made in 1975. The completion of the early volumes has been delayed by various factors. There has been no attempt to make each article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electrochemistry or Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a mature statement about the present position in the vast area of what is best looked at as a new interdisciplinary field. Texas A & M University J. O'M. Bockris University of Ottawa B. E. Conway Case Western Reserve University Ernest Yeager Texas A & M University Ralph E. White Preface to Volume 8 Experimental methods in electrochemistry are becoming more diverse. This volume describes many of the new techniques that are being used as well as some of the well-established techniques. It begins with two chapters (1 and 2) on electronic instrumentation and methods for utilization of microcomputers for experimental data acquisition and reduction. Next, two chapters (3 and 4) on classical methods of electrochemical analysis are presented: ion selective electrodes and polarography.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1. Electronic Instrumentation for Electrochemical Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operational Amplifiers.- 3. Further Building Blocks.- 4. Potential and Current Control.- 5. Analog Analysis of Current and Voltage.- 6. Digital Analysis of Current and Voltage.- 7. Future Trends..- References.- 2. Computerization in Electroanalytical Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Architecture of a Laboratory Computer.- 3. Programming Languages.- 4. Microprocessors.- 5. The Electrochemist and the Computer.- 6. The Future.- References.- 3. Electrochemistry of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1. Definitions and Principles.- 2. Ion-Selective-Electrode and Membrane Electrode Formats and Materials.- 3. Types of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 4. Response Equations for the Steady State, Response Parameters and Examples.- References.- 4. Polarography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principle of Polarographic Measurements.- 3. Drooping (Streaming and Hanging) Mercury Electrodes.- 4. Charging Current.- 5. Diffusion Controlled Processes.- 6. Polarographic Diffusion-Controlled Waves.- 7. Polarographic Waves with Diffusion and Charge-Transfer Control.- 8. Kinetic Currents.- 9. Adsorption in Polarography.- 10. Polarographic Maxima.- 11. Techniques Developed from D-C Polarography.- 12. Applications of Polarography.- References.- 5. Ellipsometry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory of Ellipsometry.- 3. Analysis of Polarized Light.- 4. Analysis of Results in Ellipsometry.- 5. Examples.- 6. Outlook.- References.- 6. Raman Spectroscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Raman Vibrational Spectroscopy.- 3. The Electrochemical Cell.- 4. Review of Early Work.- 5. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of Pyridine on Silver.- 6. The Background Spectrum.- 7. Adsorption of Halide Ions with Coadsorbed Water.- 8. The Adsorption of Cyanide Ions.- 9. Experiments Relevant to the Physical and Chemical Origins of the SERS Effect.- 10. The Origins of SERS.- 12. Assessment of Present Position and Prospects.- References.- 7. Electron Spin Resonance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of ESR Spectroscopy.- 3. Information Drawn from ESR Data.- 4. Techniques of External Radical Generation.- 5. Internal Generation of Radicals.- References.- 8. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Electrode Surface Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spectral Interpretation.- 3. Coupling of Electrochemical and ESCA Studies.- 4. Anodic Film Formation on Metal Electrodes.- 5. Anodic Film Formation on Alloys.- 6. Electrochemical Deposition.- 7. Electrocatalysis.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 9. Field Ion Microscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operation of the FIM.- 3. Experimental Features of FIM.- 4. Applications and Suggested Experiments.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 10. Application of Electron Microscopy to Electrochemical Analysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Survey of Methods.- 3. Sample Preparations.- 4. Sample Analysis.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Standard Reference Texts.- 11. Classified Bibliography of Electroanalytical Applications.- 1. Polarography.- 2. Linear Potential Sweep and Cyclic Voltammetry.- 3. Stripping Voltammetry.- 4. Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE).- 5. Coulometry.- 6. Chronopotentiometry.- 7. Special Electrode Materials.- 8. Special Cells and Electrode Configurations.- 9. Spectroelectroanalytical Chemistry.
1. Electronic Instrumentation for Electrochemical Studies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operational Amplifiers.- 3. Further Building Blocks.- 4. Potential and Current Control.- 5. Analog Analysis of Current and Voltage.- 6. Digital Analysis of Current and Voltage.- 7. Future Trends..- References.- 2. Computerization in Electroanalytical Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Architecture of a Laboratory Computer.- 3. Programming Languages.- 4. Microprocessors.- 5. The Electrochemist and the Computer.- 6. The Future.- References.- 3. Electrochemistry of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1. Definitions and Principles.- 2. Ion-Selective-Electrode and Membrane Electrode Formats and Materials.- 3. Types of Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 4. Response Equations for the Steady State, Response Parameters and Examples.- References.- 4. Polarography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principle of Polarographic Measurements.- 3. Drooping (Streaming and Hanging) Mercury Electrodes.- 4. Charging Current.- 5. Diffusion Controlled Processes.- 6. Polarographic Diffusion-Controlled Waves.- 7. Polarographic Waves with Diffusion and Charge-Transfer Control.- 8. Kinetic Currents.- 9. Adsorption in Polarography.- 10. Polarographic Maxima.- 11. Techniques Developed from D-C Polarography.- 12. Applications of Polarography.- References.- 5. Ellipsometry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory of Ellipsometry.- 3. Analysis of Polarized Light.- 4. Analysis of Results in Ellipsometry.- 5. Examples.- 6. Outlook.- References.- 6. Raman Spectroscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Raman Vibrational Spectroscopy.- 3. The Electrochemical Cell.- 4. Review of Early Work.- 5. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of Pyridine on Silver.- 6. The Background Spectrum.- 7. Adsorption of Halide Ions with Coadsorbed Water.- 8. The Adsorption of Cyanide Ions.- 9. Experiments Relevant to the Physical and Chemical Origins of the SERS Effect.- 10. The Origins of SERS.- 12. Assessment of Present Position and Prospects.- References.- 7. Electron Spin Resonance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of ESR Spectroscopy.- 3. Information Drawn from ESR Data.- 4. Techniques of External Radical Generation.- 5. Internal Generation of Radicals.- References.- 8. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) and Electrode Surface Chemistry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spectral Interpretation.- 3. Coupling of Electrochemical and ESCA Studies.- 4. Anodic Film Formation on Metal Electrodes.- 5. Anodic Film Formation on Alloys.- 6. Electrochemical Deposition.- 7. Electrocatalysis.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- 9. Field Ion Microscopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operation of the FIM.- 3. Experimental Features of FIM.- 4. Applications and Suggested Experiments.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 10. Application of Electron Microscopy to Electrochemical Analysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Survey of Methods.- 3. Sample Preparations.- 4. Sample Analysis.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Standard Reference Texts.- 11. Classified Bibliography of Electroanalytical Applications.- 1. Polarography.- 2. Linear Potential Sweep and Cyclic Voltammetry.- 3. Stripping Voltammetry.- 4. Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE).- 5. Coulometry.- 6. Chronopotentiometry.- 7. Special Electrode Materials.- 8. Special Cells and Electrode Configurations.- 9. Spectroelectroanalytical Chemistry.
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