This clarion call to rethink our moral and political behavior examines the idea of conscience and the role conscience plays in our relationships to government, law, ethics, religion, human nature and Godand to each other. From Abraham to Abu Ghraib, from the dissenting prophets to Darfur, Rabbi Harold Schulweis probes history, the Bible and the works of contemporary thinkers for ideas about both critical disobedience and uncritical obedience. He illuminates the potential for evil and the potential for good that rests within us as individuals and as a society. By questioning religion's…mehr
This clarion call to rethink our moral and political behavior examines the idea of conscience and the role conscience plays in our relationships to government, law, ethics, religion, human nature and Godand to each other. From Abraham to Abu Ghraib, from the dissenting prophets to Darfur, Rabbi Harold Schulweis probes history, the Bible and the works of contemporary thinkers for ideas about both critical disobedience and uncritical obedience. He illuminates the potential for evil and the potential for good that rests within us as individuals and as a society. By questioning religion's capacityand willto break from mindless conformity, Rabbi Schulweis challenges us to counter our current suppressive culture of obedience with the culture of moral compassion, and to fulfill religion's obligation to make room for and carry out courageous moral dissent.
Rabbi Harold M. Schulweis, one of the most respected spiritual leaders and teachers of his generation, has been a rabbi at Valley Beth Shalom in Encino, California, for close to forty years. He is the founding chairman of the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, an organization that identifies and offers grants to those non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews threatened by the agents of Nazi savagery. He is also the founder of Jewish World Watch, which aims to raise moral consciousness within the Jewish community. Synagogues and other religious institutions are now supporting this effort across the country. Rabbi Schulweis is the author of many books, including: Conscience: The Duty to Obey and the Duty to Disobey (Jewish Lights), Approaches to the Philosophy of Religion, For Those Who Can't Believe, Finding Each Other in Judaism, In God's Mirror, and two books of original religious poetry and meditation-From Birth to Immortality and Passages in Poetry. His Evil and the Morality of God is regarded as a classic.
Inhaltsangabe
Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Judaism and Conscience 3 A Word about Conscience 5 1. Conscience Confronts God 7 Abraham and Moral Audacity 8 Moses Nullifies God's Law 10 Moses Cites Scripture to God 12 Moses Frees God 14 Four Dissenting Prophets 16 Hannah Hurls Words Toward Heaven 17 The Psalmist Awakes the Slumbering 19 Natural Moral Sensibility 20 2. Human Conscience and Divine Legislation 23 Rabbinic Legal Conscience 26 Laws That Never Were and Never Will Be 27 The Rebellious Son 28 Idolatrous Cities, Leprous Houses 30 Capital Punishment 30 Sotah: The Ordeal of Jealousy 31 Illegitimacy: When Conscience Fails 32 The Chained Woman 33 Maimonides: Within the Letter of the Law 34 The Myth of Absolute Immutability 35 Moral Relativism 36 The Fear of God and the Fear of Torah 38 What Is Meant by Conscience as "Fear of God" 40 Matters of Temperament 42 3. Conscience and Covenant: Vertical and Horizontal 45 The God of the Philosophers 45 The Duality in One Covenant 46 The Vertical Covenant 48 Statutes 50 The Consolations of Obedience 52 The Horizontal Covenant of Conscience 53 Legends of Conscience 54 4. Against Conscience 59 The Myth of Gyges 61 Freud: The Truth about Human Nature 62 Nietzsche: The Craftiness of Conscience 63 Social Darwinism and Conscience 64 Theological Suspicions 66 Judaism: The Morality of Theistic Humanism 68 5. Witness to Goodness 71 Ben Gurion's Search for Morale 73 To Discover Conscience in Hell 75 An Entire Village: The Conspiracy of Goodness 77 Stefa Krawkowska: The Heroism of Hiding 78 Seven Sisters and a Mother Superior 79 Diplomat Rescuers 80 Aristides de Sousa Mendes: Undiplomatic Diplomacy 82 Sempo Sugihara 85 Conversation with a German Pastor 87 6. The Conscience of an Anti-Semite 91 The Enigma of Anti-Semitic Rescuers 92 Zophia and Zegota 94 Motivations for Altruism 96 The Ambiguity of Good and Evil 97 Capturing the Evil Tempter 98 7. Cultivating Conscience 101 Obedience and Authority 101 Abu Ghraib and the "Prison" of Stanford 103 The Milgram Experiment 106 8. The Bridge across the Rivers of "Either-Or" 109 Either-Or: The Way Options Are Shared 110 Not in Heaven But on Earth 112 Abraham Isaac Kook: The Art of Reconciliation 114 Facing God 115 What Can Religion Do? 118 The Pedagogy of Conscience 119 The Habit of Conscience 120 Heroes of Conscience 121 Transmitting Conscience 123 The Many Faces of Conscience 124 The Pendulum of Duty 126 Notes 127
Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Judaism and Conscience 3 A Word about Conscience 5 1. Conscience Confronts God 7 Abraham and Moral Audacity 8 Moses Nullifies God's Law 10 Moses Cites Scripture to God 12 Moses Frees God 14 Four Dissenting Prophets 16 Hannah Hurls Words Toward Heaven 17 The Psalmist Awakes the Slumbering 19 Natural Moral Sensibility 20 2. Human Conscience and Divine Legislation 23 Rabbinic Legal Conscience 26 Laws That Never Were and Never Will Be 27 The Rebellious Son 28 Idolatrous Cities, Leprous Houses 30 Capital Punishment 30 Sotah: The Ordeal of Jealousy 31 Illegitimacy: When Conscience Fails 32 The Chained Woman 33 Maimonides: Within the Letter of the Law 34 The Myth of Absolute Immutability 35 Moral Relativism 36 The Fear of God and the Fear of Torah 38 What Is Meant by Conscience as "Fear of God" 40 Matters of Temperament 42 3. Conscience and Covenant: Vertical and Horizontal 45 The God of the Philosophers 45 The Duality in One Covenant 46 The Vertical Covenant 48 Statutes 50 The Consolations of Obedience 52 The Horizontal Covenant of Conscience 53 Legends of Conscience 54 4. Against Conscience 59 The Myth of Gyges 61 Freud: The Truth about Human Nature 62 Nietzsche: The Craftiness of Conscience 63 Social Darwinism and Conscience 64 Theological Suspicions 66 Judaism: The Morality of Theistic Humanism 68 5. Witness to Goodness 71 Ben Gurion's Search for Morale 73 To Discover Conscience in Hell 75 An Entire Village: The Conspiracy of Goodness 77 Stefa Krawkowska: The Heroism of Hiding 78 Seven Sisters and a Mother Superior 79 Diplomat Rescuers 80 Aristides de Sousa Mendes: Undiplomatic Diplomacy 82 Sempo Sugihara 85 Conversation with a German Pastor 87 6. The Conscience of an Anti-Semite 91 The Enigma of Anti-Semitic Rescuers 92 Zophia and Zegota 94 Motivations for Altruism 96 The Ambiguity of Good and Evil 97 Capturing the Evil Tempter 98 7. Cultivating Conscience 101 Obedience and Authority 101 Abu Ghraib and the "Prison" of Stanford 103 The Milgram Experiment 106 8. The Bridge across the Rivers of "Either-Or" 109 Either-Or: The Way Options Are Shared 110 Not in Heaven But on Earth 112 Abraham Isaac Kook: The Art of Reconciliation 114 Facing God 115 What Can Religion Do? 118 The Pedagogy of Conscience 119 The Habit of Conscience 120 Heroes of Conscience 121 Transmitting Conscience 123 The Many Faces of Conscience 124 The Pendulum of Duty 126 Notes 127
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