Wetlands in India have assumed a considerable significance in recent years because of their ecological significance in terms of flood control, water purification, aquatic productivity and microclimatic regulation and as habitats of fish, birds and wild life. This study proposes to identify and assess some critical issues of wetland management in West Bengal, India, with reference to the case of rural wetlands. Here we highlighted nine chapters which include introduction, geomorphology, wetland hydrology, biodiversity and three important wetlands located in rural and urban areas of West Bengal along with management strategies for each wetlands.