In Burkina Faso, Detarium microcarpum is a species of great socio-economic importance. The heavy exploitation of the species means that it is threatened with extinction in some parts of the country. The study shows that local populations use D. microcarpum for food, energy, medicinal purposes, handicrafts, fodder and building materials. The products they use most are wood and fruit to meet their basic needs. There are no specific local management rules for the species, but it benefits from the same local protection measures as all other woody species.D. microcarpum stands and associated species are stable in the communes of Sapouy and Gao. But this stability is threatened by strong anthropic pressures. Juvenile individuals of the species show an unstable structure. This situation is thought to be caused by uncontrolled fires. For better conservation of plant biodiversity in these stands, it is imperative to support local populations to improve local strategies and make them more effective.