Brazil is a country with great potential for research involving plant species, as it has the greatest biodiversity on the planet. Among the various existing biomes, the Amazon Rainforest is the most prominent, since it alone comprises a quarter of the world's animal and plant species. However, the majority of Brazilian plant species have not yet been studied, representing a potential economy that needs to be exploited. In this sense, there is a need for studies involving plant species aimed at identifying chemical constituents in order to justify their pharmacological activities. Therefore, this book deals with the study of polar chemical constituents present in some species found in the Brazilian Amazon flora.