Uganda has been experiencing a continuous decline in the contribution of the agricultural sector to the country's GDP, an indication of the existence of both predictable and unpredictable constraints in the sector. The sector is the largest employer in the country with around 66 percent of the working population. This decline has a significant effect on the country's poverty levels since it is the largest source of income and livelihoods of almost a third of Ugandans. This book examines the gaps - institutional and structural that constrains the agricultural sector and hence impedes the agricultural productivity and poverty levels in the country.