This volume is the first of a biannual series entitled Contemporary Nephrology. The series intends to provide the reader with a broad, authoritative review of the important developments that have occurred during the previous two years in the major areas of both basic and clinical nephrology. We have been fortunate to enlist a distinguished group of scientists, teachers, and clinicians to serve as members of the Editorial Board of this series. We are grateful to them for the outstand ing contributions they have made to this first volume of Contemporary Nephrology. This volume has fifteen…mehr
This volume is the first of a biannual series entitled Contemporary Nephrology. The series intends to provide the reader with a broad, authoritative review of the important developments that have occurred during the previous two years in the major areas of both basic and clinical nephrology. We have been fortunate to enlist a distinguished group of scientists, teachers, and clinicians to serve as members of the Editorial Board of this series. We are grateful to them for the outstand ing contributions they have made to this first volume of Contemporary Nephrology. This volume has fifteen chapters. The first four chapters deal with more basic aspects of nephrology: Membrane Transport (Schafer); Renal Physiology (Knox and Spielman); Renal Metabolism (School werth); and Renal Prostaglandins (Dunn). Chapters 5-10 are more pathophysiologically oriented, and each contains an "appropriate mix" of basic and clinical information. This group of chapters includes Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology (Arruda and Kurtzman); Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease (Agus, Goldfarb, and Was serstein); Hypertension and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis (Williams and Hollenberg); Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease (Glassock); Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy (Anderson and Gross); and the Kidney in Systemic Disease (Martinez-Maldonado). The last five chapters, which are more clinically oriented, include Uremia (Friedman and Lundin); Nutrition in Renal Disease (Mitch); Dialysis (Maher); Renal Transplantation (Strom); and, finally, Drugs and the Kidney (Bennett).
1 Membrane Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects of Epithelial Organization Related to Nephron Function.- 3. Correlations between Function and Morphology in the Nephron.- 4. Isolation, Characterization, and Reconstitution of Membrane Transport Systems.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Renal Physiology: Renal Circulation, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Handling of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.- 1. Renal Hemodynamics and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 2. Renal Handling of Sodium Chloride.- 3. Potassium Transport.- References.- 3 Renal Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Biochemistry of the Glomerulus.- 4. Biochemistry of Tubular Membranes.- 5. Intermediary Metabolism and Regulation.- References.- 4 Renal Prostaglandins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Degradation.- 3. Prostaglandins, Sodium Excretion, and Diuretics.- 4. Prostaglandins, Vasopressin, and Water Excretion.- 5. Prostaglandins and Renin Release by the Kidney.- 6. Renal Blood Flow.- 7. Bartter's Syndrome.- 8. Ureteral Obstruction.- 9. Deleterious Clinical Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- 10. Future Directions.- References.- 5 Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proximal Tubular Acidification.- 3. Mechanism of Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4. Factors that Control Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 5. Effect of Calcium on Urinary Acidification.- 6. Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Acidification.- 7. Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Bicarbonate Transport.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Hyperparathyroidism and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Distal Urinary Acidification.- 11. Studies in the Turtle Bladder.- 12. Effect of in Vivo Acid-Base Status on in Vitro Acidification.- 13. Metabolic Regulation ofUrinary Acidification.- 14. Effect of Aldosterone on Urinary Acidification.- 15. Bicarbonate Exit.- 16. Role of Calcium, Magnesium, and Cyclic AMP in Acidification.- 17. Comparative Physiology of the Turtle Bladder and Mammalian Cortical Collecting Tubule.- 18. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Syndromes.- 19. Factors Responsible for Generation of a High Urinary CO2 Tension.- 20. Experimental Models of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 21. Human Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 22. Role of Potassium Depletion in Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 23. Other Forms of Impaired Distal Acidification.- 24. Extrarenal Factors that Influence Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 25. The Role of the Gut in the Pathogenesis of the Hyperchloremic Acidosis of Ureterointestinal Anastomosis.- References.- 6 Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease.- 1. Vitamin D.- 2. Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin.- 3. Calcium Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 4. Phosphate Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 5. Renal Osteodystrophy.- 6. Nephrolithiasis.- References.- 7 Hypertension and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiology and Pharmacology.- 3. Hypertension.- References.- 8 Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Investigations.- 3. Clinical Investigations.- References.- 9 Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pathophysiological Considerations.- 3. Clinical Considerations.- 4. Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 10 The Kidney in Systemic Disease: Pathophysiological Schemes and Analysis of Two Diseases (Multiple Myeloma and Diabetes Mellitus).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Systemic Illness.- 3. Alterations in Proximal-Tubular Function.- 4. Other Consequences of Proximal-Tubular Defects.- 5. Diminished SaltTransport in the Thick Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle.- 6. Multiple Myeloma.- 7. Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 11 Uremia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Uremic Toxicity.- 3. Uremic Osteodystrophy.- 4. Cardiovascular Complications.- 5. Anemia.- 6. Disturbances of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 7. Hormonal and Lipid Abnormalities.- 8. Immune Defects of Uremia.- 9. Psychological Impact of Renal Failure.- 10. Alternative Therapy of Uremia.- References.- 12 Nutrition in Renal Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nitrogen Metabolism.- 3. Glucose and Insulin Metabolism.- 4. Lipid Metabolism.- 5. Therapeutic Considerations.- 6. Chronic Renal Failure in Children.- 7. Acute Renal Failure.- References.- 13 Dialysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Overview.- 3. Vascular Access.- 4. Extracorporeal Devices.- 5. Peritoneal Dialysis.- 6. Problems and Complications of Dialysis.- 7. Removal of Drugs and Poisons by Dialysis or Hemoperfusion.- 8. Unusual Indications for Dialysis or Hemoperfusion.- References.- 14 Renal Transplantation.- 1. Clinical Transplantation.- 2. Clinical Immunology.- 3. Conclusion.- References.- 15 Drugs and the Kidney.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Pharmacokinetics.- 3. Drug Handling by the Kidney.- 4. Clinical Use of Drugs in Renal Failure.- 5. Effects of Hemodialysis, Hemoperfusion, and Peritoneal Dialysis on Drug Pharmacokinetics.- References.
1 Membrane Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects of Epithelial Organization Related to Nephron Function.- 3. Correlations between Function and Morphology in the Nephron.- 4. Isolation, Characterization, and Reconstitution of Membrane Transport Systems.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Renal Physiology: Renal Circulation, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Handling of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.- 1. Renal Hemodynamics and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 2. Renal Handling of Sodium Chloride.- 3. Potassium Transport.- References.- 3 Renal Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Biochemistry of the Glomerulus.- 4. Biochemistry of Tubular Membranes.- 5. Intermediary Metabolism and Regulation.- References.- 4 Renal Prostaglandins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Degradation.- 3. Prostaglandins, Sodium Excretion, and Diuretics.- 4. Prostaglandins, Vasopressin, and Water Excretion.- 5. Prostaglandins and Renin Release by the Kidney.- 6. Renal Blood Flow.- 7. Bartter's Syndrome.- 8. Ureteral Obstruction.- 9. Deleterious Clinical Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- 10. Future Directions.- References.- 5 Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proximal Tubular Acidification.- 3. Mechanism of Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4. Factors that Control Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 5. Effect of Calcium on Urinary Acidification.- 6. Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Acidification.- 7. Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Bicarbonate Transport.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Hyperparathyroidism and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Distal Urinary Acidification.- 11. Studies in the Turtle Bladder.- 12. Effect of in Vivo Acid-Base Status on in Vitro Acidification.- 13. Metabolic Regulation ofUrinary Acidification.- 14. Effect of Aldosterone on Urinary Acidification.- 15. Bicarbonate Exit.- 16. Role of Calcium, Magnesium, and Cyclic AMP in Acidification.- 17. Comparative Physiology of the Turtle Bladder and Mammalian Cortical Collecting Tubule.- 18. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Syndromes.- 19. Factors Responsible for Generation of a High Urinary CO2 Tension.- 20. Experimental Models of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 21. Human Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 22. Role of Potassium Depletion in Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 23. Other Forms of Impaired Distal Acidification.- 24. Extrarenal Factors that Influence Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 25. The Role of the Gut in the Pathogenesis of the Hyperchloremic Acidosis of Ureterointestinal Anastomosis.- References.- 6 Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease.- 1. Vitamin D.- 2. Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin.- 3. Calcium Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 4. Phosphate Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 5. Renal Osteodystrophy.- 6. Nephrolithiasis.- References.- 7 Hypertension and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Physiology and Pharmacology.- 3. Hypertension.- References.- 8 Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Investigations.- 3. Clinical Investigations.- References.- 9 Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pathophysiological Considerations.- 3. Clinical Considerations.- 4. Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 10 The Kidney in Systemic Disease: Pathophysiological Schemes and Analysis of Two Diseases (Multiple Myeloma and Diabetes Mellitus).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Systemic Illness.- 3. Alterations in Proximal-Tubular Function.- 4. Other Consequences of Proximal-Tubular Defects.- 5. Diminished SaltTransport in the Thick Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle.- 6. Multiple Myeloma.- 7. Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 11 Uremia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Uremic Toxicity.- 3. Uremic Osteodystrophy.- 4. Cardiovascular Complications.- 5. Anemia.- 6. Disturbances of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 7. Hormonal and Lipid Abnormalities.- 8. Immune Defects of Uremia.- 9. Psychological Impact of Renal Failure.- 10. Alternative Therapy of Uremia.- References.- 12 Nutrition in Renal Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nitrogen Metabolism.- 3. Glucose and Insulin Metabolism.- 4. Lipid Metabolism.- 5. Therapeutic Considerations.- 6. Chronic Renal Failure in Children.- 7. Acute Renal Failure.- References.- 13 Dialysis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Overview.- 3. Vascular Access.- 4. Extracorporeal Devices.- 5. Peritoneal Dialysis.- 6. Problems and Complications of Dialysis.- 7. Removal of Drugs and Poisons by Dialysis or Hemoperfusion.- 8. Unusual Indications for Dialysis or Hemoperfusion.- References.- 14 Renal Transplantation.- 1. Clinical Transplantation.- 2. Clinical Immunology.- 3. Conclusion.- References.- 15 Drugs and the Kidney.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Pharmacokinetics.- 3. Drug Handling by the Kidney.- 4. Clinical Use of Drugs in Renal Failure.- 5. Effects of Hemodialysis, Hemoperfusion, and Peritoneal Dialysis on Drug Pharmacokinetics.- References.
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