Robert Jütte

Contraception

A History

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Contraception is not an invention of modern times, nor is it a purely personal matter. Social institutions such as the church and the state have exerted their influence as effectively as doctors, population theorists, and the early pioneers of the feminist movement. All of these claim a special expertise in matters of ethics and morality, and so have shaped the discourses on and practices of birth control over the centuries. In this engaging new book Robert Jütte offers a history of contraception from the Ancient world to the present day. He distinguishes two broad phases: first, a long phase, extending from the Ancient world up to the 18th century, in which birth control was part of a traditional form of sexual knowledge what Jütte calls, following the French social philosopher Michel Foucault, the ars erotica. In the second phase, which began in the 19th century, practices of birth control are increasingly shaped by the emerging models of scientific knowledge, while still retaining some vestiges of the erotic arts. In addition to the contraceptives we know and use today, from coitus interruptus to the condom and the pill, Jütte considers other methods of birth control as diverse as the use of herbal potions and vaginal pessaries, the castration of young boys and the enforced sterilization of men and women. This comprehensive history of one of the oldest and most widespread of human practices offers a rich and nuanced account of how men and women across the centuries have struggled with the needs both for sexual gratification and for limitation of offspring, while also looking beyond the present to catch a glimpse of how contraception might evolve in the future.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Polity Press
• Seitenzahl: 288
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Dezember 2007
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 228mm x 163mm x 25mm
• Gewicht: 522g
• ISBN-13: 9780745632704
• ISBN-10: 074563270X
• Artikelnr.: 22950567

Autorenporträt

Robert Jutte is Head of the Institute of Medicine at the Robert Bosch Foundation and Professor of Modern History at Stuttgart University. Translated by Vicky Russell.

Inhaltsangabe

List of illustrations vii
Illustration acknowledgements viii
Foreword ix
Introduction 1
Ars erotica: The Early Art of Contraception 11
The economics of sexual reproduction: birth control in the ancient world?
11
Calls for greater fertility: origin of the ethics of procreation in
Judaism, Christianity and Islam 17
The not so secret wisdom of ancient medicine 29
Poetic truth: deliberate infertility as a theme in ancient literature 37
Unfruitful activities: 'suppositories for women' and herbal potions 42
Transformations: The Supposed Repression of Knowledge about Contraception
in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times 51
A history of demographics and the origins of birth control 51
Secreta mulierum: female wisdom on pregnancy and contraception 62
Sexual desire and atonement: the theology of the 'sinful flesh' 75
Castration, condoms, Casanovas: old and new methods of contraception 89
The Beginnings of scientia sexualis in the Nineteenth Century: The Impact
of Moral and Political Imperatives on the Debate about Contraception 106
(Neo-)Malthusianism and its demographical implications 106
A fresh approach to knowledge: sex education pamphlets and theirreaders 117
Sexual politics: intensified control and resistance to it 139
The practice of 'being careful': between tradition and progress 144
An Everyday Regime: The 'Democratization' of Birth Control in the Twentieth
Century 157
The promise of deliverance: contraception as emancipation 157
The 'Nationalization' of contraception: enforced sterilization and national
birth control programmes 174
Changes in sexual morality and the waning influence of religion 186
Simultaneous existence of old and new methods of contraception 199
Future Prospects 216
The 'Pill for men': the contraceptive of the future? 216
Notes 221
Bibliography 237
Index 247

Rezensionen

"What sets Jütte's work apart and makes this volume essentialreading on the topic is its fine historiography and analysis offoregoing authors' projects."
The Lancet

"Should prove useful to students and scholars alike."
Times Higher Education

"A fascinating, detailed and well-researched insight into thesocial, cultural and religious influences that have influencedknowledge, attitudes, acceptance and use of fertility controlthroughout history."
Family Planning Association newsletter

"A carefully researched survey that will provide useful materialfor those interested in comparing ideas about contraception in different places and times."
English Historical Review

"Robert Jütte's extraordinary history ofcontraception enables us to look in an entirely new way at theclaim of the 1960s generation that theirs was the first sexualrevolution. The struggle for the control of sexual reproductionfrom the ancient world through the Middle Ages is as important toJütte's story as are the rise of sexual science in thenineteenth century and the introduction of the pill in thetwentieth. Indeed how 'modern' means exist side by side with'traditional' means of birth control (some more efficient thanothers - but which?) haunts this entire history. A readableand fascinating account of woman's age-old struggle."
Sander Gilman, Emory University

"The publication of an English version of Robert Jütte'sLust ohne Last is greatly to be applauded. This extremelythoughtful and engagingly written study substantially exceedsearlier attempts to set down histories of contraception. Jüttehas produced a chronologically wide-ranging cultural history andadopts a Foucauldian framework in which the issues of power andknowledge loom large throughout. As a result it is a work of greatinterest to social and cultural historians, demographers,historically minded social scientists, and historians of ideas,medicine and science."
Richard Smith, University of Cambridge