Despite the advent of modern technology in current endodontic practice, the speciality is still embroiled in both clinical and theoretical controversies. There have been a number of controversies in endodontics some solved, some abandoned, some remaining. It is not to be expected that within a foreseeable future there will be rapid solutions to the issues reviewed here. Therefore, in teaching endodontics, academic institutions and continuing education courses must rely on science and supporting clinical evidence.