The sole purpose of this book is to assist the breeders and agriculture students working on drought stress in rice crop. The book is based on novel research work during my Master degree. The book encompasses all the research work related to drought stress and improvement in yield under drought prone conditions of the rice growing areas of the world. Drought is becoming basic problem resulting in less rice production as compared to increasing world population. Rice is consumed as staple food by more than half of the world population. Rice production is limited to areas where plenty of water is available. However, considering the increasing population and climate change scenario, there is urgent need to grow more rice even on lands with limited water availability or water scarce areas of the world. To accomplish it, breeding for drought stress has become the most exploitable research area where rice scientists are working these days. This book provides the basic information regarding the research work being carried out on drought stress on rice crop. Furthermore, correlation and path analyses used in this research helps rice breeders how to screen rice lines for drought tolerance.