This book is as a result of a PhD Thesis research undertaken to evaluate the cost benefit of Ecological sanitation as a technique for improving agricultural productivity of soils in developing countries using Uganda as a model. The book comprises 4 chapters; chapter 1 is an introduction, giving the background to the study and rationale for studying EcoSan with respect to soil productivity. Chapter 2 gives an analysis of the worldwide current literature on the subject of EcoSan. In chapter 3, the author articulates the methodology used to undertake this research; the chapter highlights both the scientific experimentation and the social economic opponents of the study. The last chapter chapter 4, gives a summary analysis of the results of the study obtained over a period of 2 years. Among other things, the author highlights attitudes of communities towards use of human waster for agriculture, policy implications from Uganda s perspective. The chapter further presents yield results obtained during the experimentation in comparison with two other control groups as a basis for calculating benefit over cost for EcoSan.