This course consists of a series of power point presentations aimed at young scientists and medical professionals interested in basic and clinical neuroscience. We describe the normal plasma membrane, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, cytoskeleton and nucleus and their different pathological processes. We analyze the main neuronal types of the cerebellar cortex, such as granulosa cells and Purkinje cell as a model of micro- and macroneurons, and the structure and pathological changes of astrocytes, oloigodendrocytes and microglia.