Robert Griffiths

Create Collection Only Annual Editions: Developing World, 24/E

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The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. Each Annual Editions volume has a number of features designed to make them especially valuable for classroom use: an annotated Table of Contents, a Topic Guide, an annotated listing of supporting websites, Learning Outcomes and a brief overview for each unit, and Critical Thinking questions at the end of each article. Go to the McGraw-Hill Create(TM) Annual Editions Article Collection at www.mcgrawhillcreate.com/annualeditions to browse the entire collection. Select individual Annual Editions articles to enhance your course, or access and select the entire Griffiths: Annual Editions: Developing World, 24/e ExpressBook for an easy, pre-built teaching resource by clicking here. An online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing material is available for each Annual Editions volume. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is also an excellent instructor resource. Visit the Create Central Online Learning Center at www.mhhe.com/createcentral for more details.

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Produktdetails

• Annual Editions
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• Revised
• Seitenzahl: 96
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. September 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780078136214
• ISBN-10: 0078136210
• Artikelnr.: 37722437

Inhaltsangabe

Annual Editions: Developing World 14/15
Preface
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
How Development Leads to Democracy: What We Know about Modernization,
Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, Foreign Affairs, March/April
2009
A reinterpretation of modernization theory in a way that emphasizes the
cultural changes that accompany this process helps to explain how
pressures for democracy push societies toward greater openness and
political participation. A key component is the connection between
economic development and changes in society, culture, and politics that
promotes tolerance, encourages self-expression, and fosters political
participation.
The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That Will Change the
World, Jack A. Goldstone, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2010
Declining fertility rates will stabilize world population in the middle
of the twenty-first century. Shifting demographics will bring about
significant changes in both rich and poor countries, however. The
industrial countries will account for less of the world's population,
their economic influence will diminish, and they will need more migrant
workers. Meanwhile, most of the world's population growth will take
place in the developing world, especially the poorest countries. Those
populations will also be increasingly urban.
Best. Decade. Ever. Charles Kenny, Foreign Policy, September/October
2010
Despite being bracketed by the September 11th attacks and the global
financial crisis, the first decade of the 21st century brought
significant gains for the developing world. From economic growth and a
reduction in the number of people living in poverty, to progress on
infectious diseases and fewer conflicts, living conditions improved for
many citizens of the developing world. Serious challenges such as
environmental degradation remain, however.
The Mixed News on Poverty, Anirudh Krishna, Current History, January
2013
There has been a significant drop in poverty around the world. While
this has been a welcome development, the measurement of poverty
reduction does not provide a full picture of what is happening in poor
countries. Although many are climbing out of poverty, many are also
falling into the ranks of the poor. One of the biggest factors
contributing to families falling back into poverty is the high cost of
health care. A mixture of policies to both lift people out of poverty
and prevent them from falling back into it must be implemented.
Own the Goals: What the Millennium Development Goals Have Accomplished,
John W. McArthur, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2013
The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) have produced substantial
progress toward reducing poverty, child mortality rates, and treating
HIV/AIDS. Goals related to hunger, sanitation and environment have not
seen as much progress. Although the overall record of progress has been
mixed, the MDGs have helped focus the world's attention and
demonstrated that a concerted effort can have an effect on even the
most persistent global problems. Discussions on replacing these goals
should build on the momentum so far.
Justice and Development: Challenges to the Legal Empowerment of the
Poor, Magdy Martínez-Solimán, UN Chronicle, No. 4, 2012
Although there has been progress in reducing poverty and increasing
human development, many poor people lack access to basic services and
social protection. A greater emphasis on legal empowerment that
includes legal protection of their assets, homes, businesses, and
personal security focuses on the structural causes of poverty. Legal
empowerment not only addresses range of development issues, including
health, education, dispute resolution, and environmental
sustainability. It also promotes greater access to services, housing,
land tenure (especially for women), and economic opportunity.
The Democratic Malaise, Charles A. Kupchan, Foreign Affairs,
January/February 2012
Western industrialized countries face steep challenges in dealing with
the effects of globalization. These challenges follow from the
diffusion of wealth and power to emerging markets in particular. The
factors that have contributed to the "rise of the rest" are the same
ones that contribute to the West's difficulties in responding to
globalization.
The Post-Washington Consensus: Development after the Crisis, Nancy
Birdsall and Francis Fukuyama, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2011
The Washington Consensus, which has guided international economic
policy for decades, faces challenges as a result of the 2008-2009
global financial crisis . In the future, developing countries are much
less likely to adhere to the capitalist model championed by the United
States and its Western allies. Instead, they will be more wary of free
flowing capital, more inclined to prevent disruption through social
spending, supportive of industrial policy, and less willing to defer to
the West's alleged expertise
Role Reversal, Eswar S. Prasad, Finance and Development, December 2011
Emerging markets have rebounded from the world economic crisis more
quickly than the western industrialized countries. Their growing
participation in the global economy has helped insulate them from the
effects of the recession and has also prompted a significant shift in
the structure of emerging country assets and liabilities. This shift
will give these economies even more opportunity to reduce their
vulnerability to market swings.
Is Indonesia Bound for the BRICS? Karen Brooks, Foreign Affairs,
November/ December 2011
Indonesia has had a substantial turn-around over the past decade.
Democracy, economic growth, and greater security have all contributed
to Indonesia's emergence as a more important international actor. The
country faces some formidable challenges that threaten further
progress, however.
Broken BRICs, Ruchir Sharma, Foreign Affairs, November/December 2012
There has been a great deal of attention focused on the emerging
markets over the past several years. While growth rates in these
countries have been exceptional, there is reason to think that
sustained annual growth of over 5% is unlikely to continue. China's
growth is slowing, as is that of the West, and export-driven economies
will feel the effects of lower demand. There will be some high growth
countries in the future but convergence between industrialized and
developing countries is not occurring.
Lions, Tigers, and Emerging Markets: Africa's Development Dilemmas,
Anne Pitcher, Current History, May 2012
Recent economic growth rates of the so-called "African lions" have
focused attention on the continent's potential. Several factors have
contributed to this impressive growth rate, including economic reforms
associated with conditional aid, higher levels of foreign direct
investment, more democratic governments, and the rising demands of a
growing middle class. The benefits of Africa's impressive growth rates
have been uneven, and in some cases have widened the gap between rich
and poor.
The New Mercantilism: China's Emerging Role in the Americas, Eric
Farnsworth, Current History, February 2011
Although China has historically had little engagement with Latin
America, its links with the region are growing. China's Latin American
imports, especially raw materials and commodities, are booming, and
Chinese exports to the region have also been increasing rapidly. While
this trade boost has been beneficial, the long-term implications of the
relationship are less clear.
A Few Dollars at a Time: How to Tap Consumers for Development, Philippe
Douste-Blazy and Daniel Altman, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2010
HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis account for one in eight deaths in
developing countries. Because these diseases reinforce one another, an
effort is under way to fight all three together. The funding for these
efforts comes from innovative financing, which involves small taxes on
airline ticket purchases and voluntary contributions through product
purchases. Innovative financing will provide millions for fighting
disease and helping increase economic activity in developing countries.
Haiti Doesn't Need Your Old T-Shirt, Charles Kenny, Foreign Policy,
November 2011
Well-meaning Westerners donate clothing and other goods to developing
countries but this practice can be counter-productive. Donated goods
are often not what poor countries need, and there are much better ways
to aid needy citizens in the developing world. Those who contribute
unwanted goods or buy products from companies that make charitable
contributions based on sales are less likely to give cash, thinking
they have done their part.
Please, Don't Send Food, Joshua E. Keating, Foreign Policy, July/August
2012
A new study suggests not only that food aid does not work, it may
prolong conflicts it is intended to help resolve. Donor countries must
be more selective in providing food aid to countries in conflict.
It's Economics, Stupid: Mobile Technology in Low-Income Countries,
Iqbal Z. Quadir, Harvard International Review, Winter 2013
Mobile phones improve the lives of ordinary people, add an estimated
billions of dollars to the economies of poor countries, and also
contribute to government accountability. The expansion of phone service
takes place more efficiently when entrepreneurs and not the government
are the service providers. The mobile industry provides an important
model for economic progress in developing countries.
World Peace Could Be Closer Than You Think, Joshua S. Goldstein,
Foreign Policy, September/October 2011
Although it seems like the world is a more violent place, deaths in war
have actually declined substantially over the past decade.
Technological advances are making war less brutal, especially for
civilians, and improvements in peacekeeping practices have increased
the chances that wars will not re-start. All but a few of the conflicts
once thought to be intractable have ended or substantial progress has
been made toward settlement.
Uprisings Jolt the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry, Frederic Wehrey, Current
History, December 2011
The competition for regional influence between Iran and Saudi Arabia
has been made more complicated by the events of the Arab Spring.
Political, ethnic, and religious differences as well as differing
agendas regarding oil production have sharpened tensions. Iran's
nuclear program adds another layer of complexity to the competition for
regional hegemony.
A New Kind of Korea, Park Geun-hye, Foreign Affairs, September/October
2011
South Korea, an economic powerhouse and North Korea, destitute but with
a large army and nuclear capability share the Korean Peninsula.
Long-standing tensions between the two flared again recently over North
Korea's shelling of South Korean territory. Reducing the potential for
conflict and building trust between North and South Korea represents
one of Asia's most important security challenges.
Central America's Security Predicament, Michael Shifter, Current
History,February, 2011
Disappearing from the radar screen after the end of political violence
in the 1980s, Central America is again facing serious security
challenges. Despite some social, economic, and political progress, the
region now faces fallout from the 2008 economic crisis, an alarming
increase in crime associated with drug trafficking, weak political
institutions, and flagging support for democracy .
Humanitarian Intervention Comes of Age, Jon Western and Joshua S.
Goldstein, Foreign Affairs, November/December 2011
The failures of past humanitarian interventions have prompted
skepticism about the effectiveness of the international community's
efforts to protect civilians. Western and Goldstein argue that the
international community has learned not only from these failures but
also from successes in Cote d'Ivoire, East Timor, and Libya. Among the
lessons learned are the need for quick action, sufficiently strong
peacekeeping forces, the ability to withstand criticism, and solid
backing from the international community.
The True Costs of Humanitarian Intervention, Benjamin A. Valentino,
Foreign Affairs, November/December 2011
The outcome of the intervention in Libya is still unclear but the costs
and benefits of this operation and those of future humanitarian
missions must be carefully weighed. Intervention is costly and requires
a commitment to assist in the re-building of war-torn societies. Many
lives could be saved by preventing conflict in the first place and by
focusing on providing for those displaced by conflict.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back, Joshua Kurlantzick, Foreign Policy,
March/April 2013
The political upheaval in parts of the Arab world, Asia, and Africa
suggests that democracy is expanding throughout the world. Recent
surveys of democracy tell a different story though. The number of
defective democracies is up, press freedom is increasingly limited, and
the military has become a more active participant in politics. Joshua
Kurlantzick argues that the growth of the middle class, long thought to
strengthen democracy may actually undermine it.
Good Soldier, Bad Cop, The Africa Report, April 2011
The political turmoil in Tunisia and Egypt highlighted the important
role the military plays in post-colonial regimes. In Tunisia, the
military stood largely on the sidelines while in Egypt the military has
taken charge, ostensibly to pave the way for elections. It remains to
be seen how the armed forces will react in other countries facing
demands for reform.
Islamism After the Arab Spring, Ashraf El Sherif, Current History,
December 2011
In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, there were concerns that Islamist
groups would be able to take advantage of more open political space and
dominate the politics of the region. Fears that Islamism would stifle
democratic progress do not take into account the various strands of
Islamist political thought and organization. The political changes
brought about by the Arab Spring have produced opportunities and
uncertainties for both Islamists and secular reformers.
Between Democracy and Militancy: Islam in Africa, Leonardo A. Villalón,
Current History, May 2012
Groups like Al Shabaab in Somalia, Boko Haram in Nigeria, and al Qaeda
in the Islamic Maghreb have deepened concerns about Islamic radicalism
in Africa. The focus on extremism overshadows the fact that Islam in
Africa covers a range of viewpoints. Moreover, radicalism is often a
product of local circumstances.
The Awakening, Emma Larkin, The New Republic, February 2, 2012
Since the end of the military dictatorship in Burma/Myanmar, there is
greater freedom of the press, economic reforms have been instituted,
and the country's most prominent political dissident has been freed.
The reasons for Myanmar's reforms are unclear, and skeptics are
unconvinced that real reform will follow.
Divergent Paths: The Future of One-Party Rule in Singapore, Meng Chen,
Harvard International Review, Winter 2011 Singapore's modernization and
rapid increase in wealth have been attributed to its strict, one-party
rule. As the architect of Singapore's prosperity, former Prime Minister
Lee Kuan Yew, ages and relinquishes his grip on power, it is unclear
whether the People's Action Party will continue its monopoly on power .
Singapore's experience has an influence on the debate about
authoritarian rule and economic growth.
How the ANC Lost Its Way, Alex Perry, Time, January 16, 2012
South Africa's ruling African national Congress (ANC) recently
celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding. In power since the
first real democratic elections in 1994, the ANC is increasingly marred
by scandals and allegations of corruption. There are some preliminary
indications that the ANC's unassailable political strength may be
slipping. In an effort to retain the party's strong majority support,
the ANC has announced an ambitious program of job growth,
infrastructure development, and a fight against corruption.
Shifting Fortunes: Brazil and Mexico in a Transformed Region, Michael
Shifter and Cameron Combs, Current History, February 2013
An examination of the trajectories of Brazil and Mexico suggests that
the assumption of Brazil's ascendance and Mexico's decline is
inaccurate. Brazil's economic growth rates have slowed and it faces
significant economic and political problems. Mexico's growth exceeded
Brazil's in 2012 and it appears to be dealing with its economic and
political problems effectively. Both countries have promising
opportunities but face significant challenges.
Human Rights Last, Gary J. Bass, Foreign Policy, March/April 2011
Chinese engagement with some of the world's worst human rights
offenders prompts concerns about growing Chinese influence around the
world. A long-time proponent of non-interference in internal affairs,
China's position has shifted slightly over the years but Beijing
remains reluctant to criticize human rights abuses. Its policy is
driven primarily by economic considerations.
Not Ready for Prime Time: Why Including Emerging Powers at the Helm
Would Hurt Global Governance, Jorge G. Casteñada, Foreign
Affairs,September/October 2010
There is growing recognition that emerging countries should have more
influence in international institutions. Jorge Casteñeda argues that
the most likely candidates for more power have weak commitments to
human rights, free trade, non-proliferation, and environ mental
preservation. Their participation could undermine efforts aimed at
greater global governance .
The End of Easy Everything, Michael Klare, Current History, January
2012
As the easiest sources of energy and minerals are depleted, more
difficult, expensive, and dangerous methods must be employed to extract
resources. These resources are also often located in in countries
plagued by corruption and conflict. The increasing cost of these
resources is also likely to drive up prices for other commodities.
The World's Water Challenge, Erik R. Peterson and Rachel A. Posner,
Current History, January 2010 A substantial portion of the world's
population lacks access to potable water and adequate sanitation. A
recent report forecasts as much as a 40 percent gap between global
water demand and reliable supply over the next 20 years. Despite this,
there has been little effort to establish a value for water that will
promote more efficient use of increasingly scarce water resources.
Consumption patterns and climate change are likely to both sharpen
competition and increase the likelihood of conflict and have a
detrimental impact on development prospects.
Bangladesh's Climate Displacement Nightmare, Scott Leckie, et al.,
Theecologist.org April 12, 2011
In Bangladesh, climate change is already affecting millions. With much
of the land only a few meters above sea level, Bangladesh is prone to
flooding and devastating cyclones. The poorest are most vulnerable and
the number of climate displaced persons is growing. The government and
community-based NGOs are seeking solutions to this threat.
Climate Change and Food Security, Bruce A. McCarl, et al., Current
History, January 2013
Climate change is having a significant impact on crop yields and demand
for food and other agricultural products. Changes in yield and demand
require adaptations by producers as well as the international
community. The ability to feed a growing global population and address
the challenges of climate change are closely tied to agricultural
production.
The New Geopolitics of Food, Lester R. Brown, Foreign Policy, May/June
2011
Food prices have continued to climb, affecting the world's poor in
particular. The upward trend in food prices is being driven by factors
that make it more difficult to increase production, including an
expanding world population and demand, climate change, and water
scarcity due to the depletion of aquifers. With the most agriculturally
advanced countries nearing the limits of production, and other
countries restricting exports, wealthier countries have turned to land
acquisitions in poor countries.
A Light in the Forest: Brazil's Fight to Save the Amazon and Climate
Change Diplomacy, Jeff Tollefson, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2013
In the 1960s, as a means to reduce poverty, Brazil began to allow the
clearing of large tracts of rainforest. A surge in population and the
government's failure to plan for this growth created more widespread
deforestation, which has serious consequences for the global
environment. The election of Luis Inacio Lula da Silva in 2003 brought
policy changes and the rate of deforestation has dropped dramatically.
A controversial climate-change prevention strategy known as REDD which
involves payments from developed countries to protect rainforests has
contributed to Brazil's success in slowing deforestation. While
Brazil's model offers some important lessons, it is not clear that this
program can be adapted elsewhere and there are powerful interests that
oppose it.
The Women's Crusade, Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, The New York
Times Magazine, August 23, 2009
The marginalization of women and girls throughout large portions of the
developing world not only holds these women back but contributes to
global poverty and political extremism. Educating girls and providing
access to credit through microfinancing can have a profound impact on
poor families. Directing more foreign aid toward women, improving
reproductive health, and focusing on keeping girls in school should
guide foreign aid policy.
Gender and the Revolution in Egypt, Mervat Hatem, Middle East Report
261, Winter 2011
Women were prominent participants in the uprising that removed Hosni
Mubarak from power in Egypt. Nevertheless, women are facing serious
threats to the gains they had made under the both the Mubarak and Sadat
regimes. The military government and both the Islamic and Christian
establishments have been slow to engage on women's issues and there is
resistance to enhancing the status of women.
Why Do they Hate Us? Mona Eltahawy, Foreign Policy, May/June 2012
Egyptian-American writer Mona Eltahawy provides a scathing critique of
the Arab world's treatment of women. The abuses she cites include
female genital mutilation, sexual assault, beatings, child marriages
and a lack of social and political rights. Moreover, she doubts that
the revolutions that shook the Arab world will bring major changes in
male attitudes about women's rights.
Girls in War: Sex Slave, Mother, Domestic Aide, Combatant, Radhika
Coomaraswamy, UN Chronicle, No. 1&2, 2009
Girls and women are particularly vulnerable in armed conflicts. They
may be subject to rape, sexual assault, and human trafficking,
recruited as child soldiers, displaced or turned into refugees, or
become orphans, often managing child-led households. The international
community has responded by creating a framework to hold those
responsible for these crimes accountable and the UN Security Council
has established a Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict.
Increasing Women's Access to Justice in Post-Conflict Societies,
Michelle Bachelet UN Chronicle, No. 4 2012
Even after the fighting stops, women remain victims due to poorly
functioning institutions, weakened community networks, small arms
proliferation, violence, and lack of access to justice in post-conflict
societies. This also prevents women from fully participating in
peacebuilding and reconstruction. The UN has made progress in
addressing these issues but significant challenges remain.
Women in the Shadow of Climate Change, Balgis Osman-Elasha, UN
Chronicle, No. 3&4, 2009
Women are particularly affected by climate change. They make up the
majority of the world's poor and are proportionally more dependent on
increasingly scarce natural resources. Moreover, women have less access
to resources such as land, credit, agricultural inputs,
decision-making, technology, and training and extension programs that
might help them adapt to climate change.
The Global Glass Ceiling: Why Empowering Women Is Good for Business,
Isobel Coleman, Foreign Affairs, May/June 2010
International business is beginning to realize the benefits of
empowering women in the developing world. Multinationals such as GE,
Nike, Goldman Sachs, and others have begun to initiate programs to
invest in health, education, and leadership development for women and
girls in developing countries. Such programs help to reduce gender
disparities and generally improve society as well as contributing to
the company's bottom line.