With a society so multifaceted and rooted in ancient traditions, yet highly globalised and modern, India is often giving western businesses mixed messages. This book goes beyond cultural stereotyping and seeks to embrace the paradoxes and the complexity of the Indian culture and describe it through a new perspective. It presents a recent study of Swedish businesses in India and in- depth interviews with the managers as well as the observations from a two-month field study in a industrial multinational company in Bangalore. This study analyzes the critical role that cross-cultural competence has for western managers in India in reaching for organizational goals. Finally it invites the reader to a way of understanding how we can use cross-cultural competence as, not only an advantage but as a key to business success in India.