This book addresses the opportunity to cultivate a non food bioenergy crop, Jatropha Curcas L. in Bangladesh. As a renewable resource and a sustainable substitute for fossil fuel, Jatropha curcas produces seeds containing inedible oil, which can supply fuel and meet the national energy demands of Bangladesh. The plant does not need arable lands and does not compete with food. This book also highlights the land use patterns and possible cultivation areas of Bangladesh. It is based on research of the cultivation technology, ecological and agronomical aspects, crop yield and harvesting. It also highlights the uses and socioeconomic benefits of the plant, production costs and briefly describes the procedure for the production of biodiesel and other useful byproducts. The comparison of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas with conventional fossil fuel is also discussed as well as its ability to sequester carbon from the environment.