Sri Lanka is one of the biodiversity hot spots in the world and consist with many valuable natural resources including richness of fauna and flora. Population growth, rapid urbanization, expanding agricultural and industrial activities and development programmes are some major causes of rising environmental issues in the island. Deforestation, loss of biodiversity, elephant - human conflict, water, air and soil pollution, marine pollution and solid waste management are some of the current environmental issues which Sri Lanka witness today. It is mandatory to study and make awareness on environmental issues among relevant stakeholders to achieve sustainable development goals. This book mainly focus on some major environmental issues and prevention methods in Sri Lankan context.