The group of cancers that starts in the kidney is referred to as kidney cancer. Symptoms of kidney cancer include lump in the abdomen, blood in the urine and back pain. In some cases, weight loss, tiredness and fever may also occur. The main types of kidney cancer include transitional cell cancer, renal cell cancer and Wilms tumor. Risk factors for transitional cell cancer and renal cell cancer are previous bladder cancer, certain pain medications, being overweight, smoking, certain chemicals, high blood pressure and a family history. Certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome and a family history are the risk factors for Wilms tumor. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of kidney cancer. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the current researches in this field. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about kidney cancer.