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Recent excavation and research results from Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt on the subject of death and burial from the Roman to the Islamic period are the theme of the seventh volume of the 'Munich Contributions to Provincial Roman Archaeology' (Münchner Beiträge zur Provinzialrömischen Archäologie). The essays are based on a German-Arab Conference held in Amman in 2013. For the first time, Arab archaeologists and scientists working in the Arab world across four national borders were able to exchange views on the main features and differences in the development of the death rituals,…mehr

Produktbeschreibung
Recent excavation and research results from Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt on the subject of death and burial from the Roman to the Islamic period are the theme of the seventh volume of the 'Munich Contributions to Provincial Roman Archaeology' (Münchner Beiträge zur Provinzialrömischen Archäologie). The essays are based on a German-Arab Conference held in Amman in 2013. For the first time, Arab archaeologists and scientists working in the Arab world across four national borders were able to exchange views on the main features and differences in the development of the death rituals, primarily - but not only - from an archaeological perspective. In addition to reporting current or recent excavations, they involve the processing of old excavations and summary studies on local or regional burial customs. The present volume records ten lectures held in Amman, and also includes five other contributions by international scholars who were unable to attend the Round Table funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
Among the prominent sites mentioned in the volume are the necropolises of Palmyra, which are known for their monumental tombs and were almost completely destroyed during the Syrian civil war. There are two contributions dedicated to them. Less well known are the Hellenistic and Roman necropolises of Alexandria, which are compared with two other sites of necropolises in Roman Egypt located further south. The role of anthropological investigations in modern grave archaeology is illustrated by the tombs in the North Ridge area of Petra. Among the lesser-known sites is the burial ground of Chisphin (Golan), which, however, boasts some exceptional mid Roman grave-goods. With the late antique rock chamber necropolis of Khirbat Yajuz and the hypogeum in the church of Quwaysmah, both in Jordan, two important examples are presented, showing the phenomenon of the early Christian church graves in the region, which has so far barely been worked on. Insights into Egypt's late-antique, Coptic funeral rituals are provided by the cemeteries in Qarara and Sharuna (Middle Egypt) as well as those of the large St. Paulos monastery in Deir el-Bakhit (Thebes-West) in Upper Egypt. Finally, two contributions deal with issues of Islamic burial customs and death rituals. In addition to the peculiarities of Fatimid grave architecture, the focus here is on modern Islamic burial practices in Jordan.

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Rezensionen
The articles cover more than a thousand years of development and changes in burial architecture in different regions and at different forms of human settlement, yet they reveal a considerable consistency across space and time in the shapes of tombs and in a number of mortuary aspects. {...}
Nonetheless, the book usefully updates the relatively neglected topic of burial in the Levant and Egypt during the first centuries of the present era.

Von Gideon Avni
In: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Vol. 32, 2019, S. 935-938
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"Die Bestattungssitten des romisch-byzantinischen Orients wurden durch diverse regionale Traditionen in den unterschiedlichen Natur- und Kulturlandschaften Vorderasiens gepragt und veranderten sich wahrend der etwa siebenhundert Jahre seiner Existenz durch die Einwirkung
historischer und sozialer Prozesse, von denen hier nur die Christianisierung als ein haufig angesprochenes Beispiel genannt sei. Dieser kulturellen Heterogenitat wird der Sammelband mit seinen durchweg gut, teils farbig bebilderten Beitragen und der zumeist detailreichen Vorlage bisher nicht oder nur teilweise publizierter Befunde gerecht. Der Blick auf die regional unterschiedlich ausgepragten Traditionen wird noch erweitert und gescharft durch die eher ungewohnliche Gegenuberstellung der Bestattungsbrauche des syrischjordanischen Raumes mit denen Agyptens. Aus der Diskussion der Grabkontexte, deren vollstandige Publikation ein dringendes Desiderat ist, lassen sich vielfaltige Anknupfungspunkte und Anregungen gewinnen -
nicht nur fur die Auseinandersetzung mit den Grabern des Orients. Die vorliegende Publikation, fur die den Herausgebern zu danken ist, stellt durch ihre reiche Materialvorlage und ihre kontextbezogene Auswertung einen wichtigen Schritt zu einem Gesamtbild der Bestattungssitten des Vorderen Orients von der hellenistischen bis zur fruhislamischen Zeit dar."

Von Andreas Oettel
In: Bonner Jahrbuch Bd. 220 (2020), S. 510-513
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