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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions. Default logic can express facts like by default, something is true ; by contrast, standard logic can only express that something is true or that something is false. This is a problem because reasoning often involves facts that are true in the majority of cases but not always. A classical example is: birds typically fly . This rule can be expressed in standard logic either by all birds fly , which is inconsistent with the fact that penguins do not fly, or by all birds that are not penguins and not ostriches and ... fly , which requires all exceptions to the rule to be specified. Default logic aims at formalizing inference rules like this one without explicitly mentioning all their exceptions.