Detection of cytological changes in buccal smears of Sudanese tobacco users - Idris, Alkhair;Awadelkareem, Yousif;Hamed, Arwa
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Toomback is local Nicotiana rustica, a tobacco species with high level of nicotine and nornicotine. Toomback is finely ground tobacco leaves, mixed with sodium bicarbonate, water is added, and a paste is made. The resulting saffa is placed in the oral vestibule where it remains up to several hours. In general saffa is replaced 5 -15 times per day. Moreover, a study by Ahmed and Mahjoob suggested that, toombak dipping and cigarette smoking might be considered as important risk factors in induction of oral epithelial atypia as seen in oral smears.

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Produktbeschreibung
Toomback is local Nicotiana rustica, a tobacco species with high level of nicotine and nornicotine. Toomback is finely ground tobacco leaves, mixed with sodium bicarbonate, water is added, and a paste is made. The resulting saffa is placed in the oral vestibule where it remains up to several hours. In general saffa is replaced 5 -15 times per day. Moreover, a study by Ahmed and Mahjoob suggested that, toombak dipping and cigarette smoking might be considered as important risk factors in induction of oral epithelial atypia as seen in oral smears.
Autorenporträt
Dr. Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris ist ein sudanesischer Wissenschaftler, der an der Universität von Khartum einen Master und einen Doktortitel in medizinischem Laborwesen erworben hat. Er hat mehr als sieben Bücher und 22 Artikel veröffentlicht.