Fertility is one of the three principal components of population dynamics that determine the size and structure of the population of a country. Why does fertility differ from one individual/society to another? This research attempted to identify the determinants of fertility status in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. The result show that the effect of factors on fertility level which is valuable and needed as major input for planning , implementation and evaluation of millennium development goal four (MDG4), and also a useful reference for population policy makers and is important in detecting relevant variables of interest for intervention.