The aim was to identify the factors determining the consumption of self-medicated NSAIDs by patients seen in rheumatology in Abidjan. A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out in the rheumatology department of the CHU de Cocody (Abidjan) from February 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023, on 388 rheumatic patients seen for rheumatology consultations who had self-medicated with NSAIDs. It was found that the frequency of self-medication with NSAIDs was very high (76.67%) in Abidjan, and the factors determining this consumption were level of education, socio-economic level and pain intensity.