The primary objective of this development gap analysis document is to look into the implementation of the ongoing Five Years Growth and Transformation Plan (2010/11-2014/15) and to figure out major achievements of planned targets, challenges encountered, measures taken and lessons drawn during the first two years of the GTP in line with the base year in each sector bureaus of the Afar National Regional State. It also gives an insight to make a comparison between the reign's performance with the national average and other regions. The document is prepared based on administrative and survey data obtained from secondary sources found at regional, national and international levels. However, data organized from these multiple secondary sources are supplemented and triangulated with field visits and focus group discussions. Therefore, this document is expected to serve as a background document for a consultation between regional government, federal government, and international development partners in order to design interventions and for evaluating the ongoing development policies and strategies.