Cotton textile is an ideal environment for the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Therefore, the development of antimicrobial textiles has attracted the attention of a wide range of researchers, and there is a rapidly growing market for antimicrobial textiles. The objects of this monograph are cellulose fabric and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The following research methods were used: electron microscopic to study the morphological features of cellulose fabrics; energy dispersive analysis for elemental analysis of solids; antibacterial activity of cellulose fabric to study the microbiological activity of untreated and treated fabric. As a result of the work, a method to improve the microbiological resistance of cellulose textile materials by treating them with zinc oxide nanoparticles was proposed. A pure composition with antimicrobial properties based on zinc oxide nanoparticles has been developed.