The author of the book considers new approaches to primary language education and the formation of language competence of younger students and connects them with the resolution of the following contradictions: - between the existing system of language education for younger schoolchildren and the new requirements for its quality, associated with the modernization of the system of general secondary education and a competent approach to learning; - between the need for theoretical and technological justification of didactic relationships in the simultaneous learning of foreign and native languages in elementary school and the lack of development of this issue in modern pedagogical science and practice. Didactic relationships can be one of the solutions to the problem of knowledge synthesis, as they are a concrete expression of the integration processes taking place today in the pedagogical science. Through didactic relationships can be achieved the internal integrity of the educational process, a consistent connection of different educational areas in a single whole.