Disinfection is considered as a part and parcel of dentistry. With the spreading of a Viral infection Corona Virus, the importance and need of disinfection has also been increased multiple times. Dentists use instruments to probe people's mouths. The mouths might contain bacteria and viruses that can transfer to the instruments. Common bacteria and viruses include herpes, hepatitis, staph, COVID-19 and other diseases. Sterilizing and disinfecting the dental instruments kill the germs and bacteria, so no one else will be exposed to it. This prevents dentists from inadvertently spreading viral and bacterial infections when treating patients. With infection control measures, the transmission of infectious agents is rare. If dentists follow the protocol, patients should not catch diseases from the dental instrument. That includes properly cleaning all instruments after use. After cleaning the instruments, dentists sterilize them. The instruments are moved to storage until dentists need them again. This book shows the comprehensive review towards various methods used for disinfection and sterilization.