In many parts of the world water demand exceeds supply. In certain cases, the available water is not suitable for consumption or use. The Constitution of South Africa confers on everyone the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well being. With this in mind, this book sought to assess the disposal practices of unwanted medicines from households in Johannesburg, South Africa . The aim was to see if there is a possible causative link between the disposal of unwanted medicines from homes and water pollution. The book identified the most common disposal practices for unwanted medicines from households and highlighted the pivotal role the Pharmacist can play in ensuring the proper disposal of unwanted medicines from households. Five opportunities for future research were identified in order to address the primary problem of unwanted medicines in households and the secondary problem of the proper disposal of these unwanted medicines. This book can be a valuable resource for pharmacy schools, pharmacists, researchers, health policy makers and environmentalists.