DNA Relaxases, the Key Enzymes of Bacterial Conjugation
TraA and Its N-terminal Relaxase Domain of theGram-positive Plasmid pIP501 Show Specific oriTBinding and Behave as Dimers in Solution
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Since Sir Alexander Flemming in the early 20thcentury discovered penicillin, the war betweenbacteria and humans began. The antibiotic saved thelives of millions of people during the World War II,but bacteria evolved a mechanism to inactivate theantibiotics. New antibiotic substances have beendiscovered or synthesized but bacteria always seem tofind a way to survive.The most frequent way how bacteria acquire antibioticresistance genes is conjugation. It is a specific,unidirectional process of horizontal gene transfer,during which plasmid DNA is transferred from donor torecipient cell. Relaxases...
Since Sir Alexander Flemming in the early 20thcentury discovered penicillin, the war betweenbacteria and humans began. The antibiotic saved thelives of millions of people during the World War II,but bacteria evolved a mechanism to inactivate theantibiotics. New antibiotic substances have beendiscovered or synthesized but bacteria always seem tofind a way to survive.The most frequent way how bacteria acquire antibioticresistance genes is conjugation. It is a specific,unidirectional process of horizontal gene transfer,during which plasmid DNA is transferred from donor torecipient cell. Relaxases are essential forconjugative plasmid transfer; they start the processby nicking plasmid DNA by trans-esterification.TraA is the DNA relaxase encoded by thebroad-host-range Gram-positive plasmid pIP501.Small-angle X-ray scattering and chemicalcross-linking proved that TraAN246 and TraA formdimers in solution. Both proteins revealed oriTpIP501cleavage activity on supercoiled plasmid DNA in vitro.
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