The first six volumes of the Handbook reviewed basic neuropharmacology, drawing on expertise in biochemistry, pharmacology and electrophysiology. The next three volumes focus attention on the functional importance of these basic neuropharmacological mechanisms for normal behavior. In order to study this interface in the intact functioning organism, appropriate methods for describing and quantifying behavior must be developed. The past twenty years have witnessed a revolution in the study of behavior which has taken us away from the often fruitless theoretical arguments to descriptive…mehr
The first six volumes of the Handbook reviewed basic neuropharmacology, drawing on expertise in biochemistry, pharmacology and electrophysiology. The next three volumes focus attention on the functional importance of these basic neuropharmacological mechanisms for normal behavior. In order to study this interface in the intact functioning organism, appropriate methods for describing and quantifying behavior must be developed. The past twenty years have witnessed a revolution in the study of behavior which has taken us away from the often fruitless theoretical arguments to descriptive behaviorism. Technical achievements in the design of apparatus and the recording of behavior played an important role in these and the resultant behavioral methods have been accepted and developments, found useful in studying the effects of drugs. The development of psycho pharmacology as a discipline owes as much to these behavioral methods as it does to the basic neuropharmacological techniques pioneered for in vitro studies. In the first section of Volume 7, an effort has been made to provide reviews both of theory and practice in behavioral science. Milner's chapter deals with the concept of motivation in a theoretical framework. By contrast, the chapters by Morse et ai. and Dews and DeWeese provide a more descriptive view of the various ways in which aversive stimuli control behavior and the importance of schedules of reinforcement in determining the profile of responding in the animal. The equal importance of observational behav ioral methods is well illustrated by Mackintosh et ai.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Case History of Anatomical Localization of Motivational Substrates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pathways of Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Three-Step Procedure for Specification.- 3. Defining the Input and Output in ICSS.- 4. The Central Role of the Frontal Cortex in ICSS.- 5. Relation of Frontal Cortex to Brainstem Self-Stimulation.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 2 Neuropharmacology of Reward and Punishment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operant Reinforcement.- 3. Operant Punishment.- 4. References.- 3 The Psychopharmacology of Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Putative Neurotransmitters and Food Intake.- 3. Anorectic Drugs.- 4. Orectic Drugs.- 5. References.- 4 The Neuroanatomy and Neuropharmacology of Drinking.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thirst Receptors.- 3. The Neuroanatomy of Thirst.- 4. The Neuropharmacology of Thirst.- 5. Defense of Body Fluids.- 6. References.- 5 Pharmacological and Hormonal Control of Reproductive behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ontogeny of Sexual Behavior.- 3. Sexual Behavior in the Adult Subject.- 4. Parental Behavior.- 5. General Conclusions.- 6. References.- 6 Neuropharmacology of the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Sleep-Waking Cycle in the Cat.- 3. An Outline of Recent Theories of Sleep Mechanisms.- 4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 5. Catecholamines and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 6. Acetylcholine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 7. Pharmacological Alterations of PGO Activity.- 8. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 9. Antidepressant and Neuroleptic Drugs.- 10. Hypnotics and Tranquilizing Drugs.- 11. Hormones and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 12. Drugs Acting on Protein Synthesis and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 13. Miscellaneous Compounds.- 14. Conclusions.- 15. References.- 7 Drug-Induced Motor behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Locomotor Activity.- 3. Stereotyped Behavior.- 4. Rotational Behavior.- 5. References.- 8 Brain Dopamine Systems and behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Studies of the Dopamine Pathways and Behavior.- 3. Classical Studies of Striatal Function.- 4. A Synthesis of the Role of DA in the Nigrostriatal Tract.- 5. An Overview of Striatal Function.- 6. References.- 9 Stimulus Selection and Behavioral Inhibition.- 1. Varieties of Behavioral Inhibition.- 2. Hypotheses about Neural Mechanisms for Behavioral Inhibition.- 3. Psychopharmacology of Behavioral Inhibition.- 4. Neurochemical Substrates for the Increases in Responding by Amphetamine, Cholinolytics, and Benzodiazepines.- 5. Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 10 Drug Effects on Fear and Frustration: Possible Limbic Site of Action of Minor Tranquilizers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Learning Theory Background.- 3. The Effects of the Barbiturates on Emotional Behavior.- 4. The Behavioral Inhibition System.- 5. The Effects of Ethanol on Emotional Behavior.- 6. The Effects of the Benzodiazepines on Emotional Behavior.- 7. The Behavioral Effects of the Minor Tranquilizers: An Overview.- 8. The Mode of Action of the Minor Tranquilizers in the Central Nervous System: A Hypothesis.- 9. Conclusions.- 10. References.- 11 Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Acetylcholine.- 3. Catecholamines.- 4. ECS, Protein-Synthesis Inhibition, and CA.- 5. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).- 6. Neurotransmitter Interactions.- 7. Conclusions.- 8. References.
1 The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Case History of Anatomical Localization of Motivational Substrates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Pathways of Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Three-Step Procedure for Specification.- 3. Defining the Input and Output in ICSS.- 4. The Central Role of the Frontal Cortex in ICSS.- 5. Relation of Frontal Cortex to Brainstem Self-Stimulation.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 2 Neuropharmacology of Reward and Punishment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Operant Reinforcement.- 3. Operant Punishment.- 4. References.- 3 The Psychopharmacology of Feeding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Putative Neurotransmitters and Food Intake.- 3. Anorectic Drugs.- 4. Orectic Drugs.- 5. References.- 4 The Neuroanatomy and Neuropharmacology of Drinking.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thirst Receptors.- 3. The Neuroanatomy of Thirst.- 4. The Neuropharmacology of Thirst.- 5. Defense of Body Fluids.- 6. References.- 5 Pharmacological and Hormonal Control of Reproductive behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ontogeny of Sexual Behavior.- 3. Sexual Behavior in the Adult Subject.- 4. Parental Behavior.- 5. General Conclusions.- 6. References.- 6 Neuropharmacology of the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Sleep-Waking Cycle in the Cat.- 3. An Outline of Recent Theories of Sleep Mechanisms.- 4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 5. Catecholamines and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 6. Acetylcholine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 7. Pharmacological Alterations of PGO Activity.- 8. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 9. Antidepressant and Neuroleptic Drugs.- 10. Hypnotics and Tranquilizing Drugs.- 11. Hormones and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 12. Drugs Acting on Protein Synthesis and the Sleep-Waking Cycle.- 13. Miscellaneous Compounds.- 14. Conclusions.- 15. References.- 7 Drug-Induced Motor behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Locomotor Activity.- 3. Stereotyped Behavior.- 4. Rotational Behavior.- 5. References.- 8 Brain Dopamine Systems and behavior.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Studies of the Dopamine Pathways and Behavior.- 3. Classical Studies of Striatal Function.- 4. A Synthesis of the Role of DA in the Nigrostriatal Tract.- 5. An Overview of Striatal Function.- 6. References.- 9 Stimulus Selection and Behavioral Inhibition.- 1. Varieties of Behavioral Inhibition.- 2. Hypotheses about Neural Mechanisms for Behavioral Inhibition.- 3. Psychopharmacology of Behavioral Inhibition.- 4. Neurochemical Substrates for the Increases in Responding by Amphetamine, Cholinolytics, and Benzodiazepines.- 5. Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 10 Drug Effects on Fear and Frustration: Possible Limbic Site of Action of Minor Tranquilizers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Learning Theory Background.- 3. The Effects of the Barbiturates on Emotional Behavior.- 4. The Behavioral Inhibition System.- 5. The Effects of Ethanol on Emotional Behavior.- 6. The Effects of the Benzodiazepines on Emotional Behavior.- 7. The Behavioral Effects of the Minor Tranquilizers: An Overview.- 8. The Mode of Action of the Minor Tranquilizers in the Central Nervous System: A Hypothesis.- 9. Conclusions.- 10. References.- 11 Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Acetylcholine.- 3. Catecholamines.- 4. ECS, Protein-Synthesis Inhibition, and CA.- 5. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).- 6. Neurotransmitter Interactions.- 7. Conclusions.- 8. References.
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