This book focuses on investigation of neuronal dynamics, the development of methods to synchronize coupled chaotic neurons, and the design of the control law for controlling bifurcations in neuron models. After introducing the basic concepts of neurons and neuron models, three fundamental dynamic behaviors of neurons, namely, spiking, bursting, and chaos are investigated. Second, the problems of synchronization of coupled chaotic neurons are addressed where the conditions for achieving self-synchronization and synchronization via an external control input are introduced. Third, a general dynamic state-feedback control law is proposed to control bifurcations in neuron models.