Oral health is one component of general health and is an important factor in the normal development of a child. Oral health problems can influence the general development of a child and can adversely affect quality of life. Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting the human race. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major health concern that continues to negatively affect the oral health of infants and children today. Even with caries prevalence declining in the permanent dentition, decay prevalence in primary teeth is on the rise. This book describes the etiology and exacerbating factors, the pattern of involvement, consequences, prevention and management of the said condition. This book will help undergraduate, postgraduate students and clinicians to understand the concepts so that treatment objectives can be accomplished safely and effectively.