The surgery of arteriovenous fistulas is not trivial, many complications can occur and compromise their prognosis, hence the interest of the nurse's role in their success.We will establish the predictive factors of early postoperative complications of hemodialysis accesses and we will specify the conducts of the nurse who represents the cornerstone of the monitoring, prevention and management of these complications.Certain measures regarding access care and monitoring can be taken to ensure the best possible longevity.