Cara Flanagan

Early Socialisation

Sociability and Attachment

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This book looks at sociability and attachment and how they relate to emotional and cognitive development. Social and cultural variations are considered, and theories of attachment and loss are described and evaluated.

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Produktdetails

• Routledge Modular Psychology
• Verlag: Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Seitenzahl: 192
• Erscheinungstermin: 5. August 1999
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 198mm x 129mm x 15mm
• Gewicht: 212g
• ISBN-13: 9780415186575
• ISBN-10: 0415186579
• Artikelnr.: 22458968

Autorenporträt

Cara Flanagan is an experienced author and Assessor and TeamLeader for AEB A-level psychology. Her most recent books includePracticals for psychology (Routledge 1998), Psychology A-level studyguide (1994) and Applying psychology to early childhood development(1996). She is a co-editor for the series with Kevin Silber.

Inhaltsangabe

List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Some early views of childhood
The beginnings of childhood
This century
The maternal deprivation hypothesis
Evaluation
Imprinting and bonding
Imprinting, bonding and attachment
Bowlby's theory of attachment
Sociability
Cross
cultural research
Summary
2 Sociability
Introduction
Innate social abilities
Specific behaviours
Emotional expression
Emotional sensitivity
Learned social abilities
Nature and nurture
An interest in faces
More and more smiles
Reciprocal relationships
Ethical and methodological issues
Individual differences
Innate factors
The influence of others
Summary
3 Imprinting and bonding
Introduction
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz and greylag geese
Critical period hypothesis
Sensitive period
Supra
individual
Consequences of imprinting
Evaluation
Bonding in non
human animals
Wire mothers
Experimental variations
Conclusions
Evaluation of non
human research
Bonding in humans
Skin
to
skin contact
Evaluation
Ethical and practical concerns
What bonding research means for attachment
Summary
4 The attachment process
Introduction
What is attachment?
The development of attachment behaviour
1 The asocial stage
2 Indiscriminate attachments
3 Specific attachments
4 Multiple attachments
Understanding why these changes take place
Evaluation
Individual differences in attachment
Measuring attachment
What the Strange Situation measures
Types of attachment
Stability of attachment
Evaluation
The value of a secure attachment
Short
term effects: benefits of secure attachment
Long
term effects: emotional development and relationships
Long
term effects: parenting
Long
term effects: personality development
Long
term effects: self
esteem
Long
term effects: cognitive development
Evaluation
Monotropy versus multiple attachments
Monotropy
The case for multiple attachments
Evaluation
Summary
5 Privation
Introduction
Children reared in isolation
The Koluchova twins (PM and JM)
Genie
Evaluation
Institutionalisation
Skeels' study
Tizard's study
Evaluation of Tizard's study
Other studies
Romanian orphans
Conclusions
Reactive attachment disorder
The effects of privation
Some conclusions
Privation or deprivation?
A sensitive period?
Individual differences in coping
Methodology
What does it matter?
Summary
6 Separation
Introduction
Responses to separation
Separation anxiety
Criticisms of the POD model
Hospitalisation
Hospitals and later maladjustment
Evaluation
Day care
Day care in a nursery
Day care with a childminder
Attachment to day
care provider
Evaluation
Divorce
Parental discord
Explanations
Final evaluation of separation experiences
Summary
7 Social and cultural variations
Introduction
What is 'cultural variation'?
Cultural variations in attachment
Cultural similarities
The Strange Situation
The Strange Situation as an imposed etic
One or many attachments?
Are there any differences?
Attachment and economics
Conclusions
Cultural variations in childrearing
Studies of Western childrearing styles
Evaluation
Social class (sub
cultural) differences
Cross
cultural studies
Conclusion
Summary
8 Theories of attachment
Introduction
What is a theory of attachment?
Attachment theory before Bowlby
Freudian theory
Behaviourist theory
Evaluation of Freudian and behaviourist approaches
The ethological approach
Bowlby's theory
The influence of psychoanalysis: maternal deprivation
The influence of ethology: attachment theory
A critical or sensitive period
Is attachment innate?
Monotropy
The internal working model
Caregiver sensitivity hypothesis
A secure base
Attachment theory
Evaluation of Bowlby's theory
Rutter's commentary: maternal deprivation reassessed
Other criticisms of Bowlby's theory
Final analysis
Summary
9 Enrichment
Introduction
What is enrichment?
Cognitive development
Perceptual development
The effect of institutionalisation
Other studies of visual deprivation
Conclusion
Language development
Linguistic enrichment
Criticisms of verbal deprivation theory
Reading
Speech
Development of intelligence
Hothousing
Preschool enrichment programmes
Nutritional enrichment
Intelligence enrichment programmes: conclusions
Social and emotional development
Popularity
Attachment
Conclusions
Summary
10 Study aids
Practice essays
Key research summaries
Bowlby (1946) Forty
four juvenile thieves
Schaffer and Emerson (1964) The development of social attachments in infancy
Fox (1977) Attachment of kibbutz infants to mother and metapelet
Glossary
References
Index.